突发公共事件网络谣言规制的行刑衔接研究

Research on the Convergence of Criminal and Administrative Issues in the Regulation of Online Rumors in Public Emergencies

突发公共事件具有严重性、紧迫性、突发性、群体性和灾难性等特点,以2020年暴发的新冠肺炎疫情为例,它极大刺激了网络谣言的甚嚣尘上并使之负面影响倍增,对网络谣言的规制也成为反思疫情防控必须面对的重要课题。现行举措通过行政法和刑法对网络造谣传谣行为进行双轨规制,但却面临着诸如定义区分、法益保护、危害性界定和程序衔接等亟待解决的问题。从立法改进角度探讨突发公共事件网络谣言规制行刑衔接的现存问题及完善路径,是解决应急状态下网络谣言规制难题的可行思路。化解特殊情境下网络谣言规制的行刑衔接难题,根本方案是构建体系完善、运行流畅的网络谣言规制行刑衔接机制。

The seriousness,urgency,and catastrophic nature of public emergencies represented by the 2020 COVID-19 epidemic outbreak have greatly stimulated the proliferation of online rumors and multiplied their negative impact,and the regulation of online rumors has become an important issue for reflection on the prevention and control of epidemics. The current approach of regulating online rumors through administrative and criminal laws often faces problems such as definition,protection of legal interests,definition of harm,and procedural interface. It is a feasible idea to solve the problem of regulating online rumors in emergency situations by exploring the existing problems and the improvement path of the interface between administrative and criminal law from the perspective of legislative improvement. The fundamental solution is to build a complete and smoothly operating mechanism to connect the execution and punishment of network rumors in a special situation.