西周时期“鬯”之称名及变化

Names and their Variations of the‘Chang’Alcoholic Drinks during the Western Zhou Period

鬯是一种流行于商周时代的高等级祭祀用酒,主要分为郁鬯与秬鬯两种。文献记载中“鬯”“郁鬯”“秬鬯”三种称名的含义混淆不清,说法不一。本文结合西周青铜器的铭文内容分析,可知三者称名的含义有所区别,且称名的使用在西周中期前后存在改变,其中的原因可能关乎周王室的政治选择。

‘Chang’was a kind of alcoholic drink that was popularly used during the high-rank sacrificial ceremonies in Shang and Zhou Dynasties.It contains two types of drinks,the yu chang and ju chang drinks.The names of‘chang,‘yu chang’and‘ju chang’are confusing in historical documents and there are different interpretations of them.After an analysis of the Western Zhou bronze vessel inscriptions,it can be clarified that these three names refer to three different drinks and that the use of them changed around the middle Western Zhou period.Such a change might have been related to the political choice of the royal court of the Zhou Dynasty.