体外人干细胞分化血小板研究进展

Research progress on thrombogenesis induced by human stem cells in vitro

血小板输注是临床治疗血小板减少症的主要方法。但是由于血小板采集难度大、使用成本高的特点,再加上献血者数量有限,使得其治疗开展受到很大限制。因此体外生成血小板的相关研究在世界范围内日益受到广泛关注。体外生成血小板具有非供体依赖性、无血小板抗原限制性、低同种异体免疫风险等优点。目前体外产生功能性血小板的效率较低,距离实现体外大量生成功能性血小板的最终目标还有很大距离。本文回顾了体外巨核细胞/血小板生成的研究进展,重点介绍了巨核细胞/血小板的体外生成潜能,总结了目前基于人多能干细胞、胚胎干细胞和脂肪干细胞的血小板体外培养体系,探讨了体外生成血小板所面临的矛盾与困难,为进一步的深入研究作了理论梳理。

Platelet transfusion is the main clinical treatment of thrombocytopenia. However, due to the difficulty of platelet collection, high cost of use and limited number of blood donors, the development of platelet treatment is greatly limited. Therefore, the research on thrombogenesis in vitro has attracted more attention at home and abroad. Platelet production in vitro has the advantages of donor-independence, platelet antigen free and low risk of alloimmunity. At present, the efficiency of producing functional platelets in vitro is low, and there is still a big gap to achieve the ultimate goal of producing a large number of functional platelets in vitro. This paper reviews the research progress of megakaryocyte/platelet production in vitro, focuses on the in vitro production potential of megakaryocyte/platelet, and summarizes the current platelet culture systems in vitro based on human pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells and adipose stem cells. The contradictions and difficulties of platelet production in vitro were also discussed to provide theoretical support for further research.