新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗免疫后特异性抗体水平调查及影响因素分析

Study on the specific antibody and influencing factors of inoculation of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines

目的了解18~59岁人群在新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗(Vero细胞)全程免疫后的特异性抗体水平,并分析其影响因素。方法2020年11月至2021年3月选择杭州市西湖区无新型冠状病毒感染史的18~59岁健康人作为研究对象,在21~28 d内完成2剂次新型冠状病毒疫苗全程免疫,收集性别、年龄、疫苗来源等信息,采集全程免疫后28 d的血清样本,用磁微粒化学发光法分析新型冠状病毒特异性抗体阳性率和浓度水平,并评估其影响因素。结果共纳入符合标准的研究对象253名,新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗全程接种后IgG抗体阳性率为97.23%,抗体浓度为51.87(29.82,75.56)AU/mL;IgM抗体阳性率为8.30%,抗体浓度为1.93(0.88,4.03)AU/mL。40~59岁年龄组的IgG抗体浓度为45.76(27.77,70.10)AU/mL,低于18~39岁年龄组的54.39(39.60,79.72)AU/mL,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.215,P<0.05);两种不同来源疫苗的IgM抗体阳性率分别为3.37%和10.98%,抗体浓度为0.95(0.49,2.57)AU/mL和2.62(1.32,5.28)AU/mL,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.384,P<0.05;Z=6.162,P<0.01)。IgM抗体和疫苗来源呈中度相关(r=0.266)。结论新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗在18~59岁人群中全程免疫后呈现了较好的免疫原性。新型冠状病毒疫苗接种后可出现一定比例人群IgM抗体阳性情况,其抗体阳性率和抗体水平与所接种疫苗来源相关。

Objective To explore specific antibody in population aged 18-59 after inoculation of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines(Vero cell),and analyze the related influencing factors.Methods Healthy adults aged 18-59 without history of COVID-19 infection were selected as the study objects from Xihu District of Hangzhou.They were inoculated with two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines within 21-28 days,and the information of gender,age and the sources of vaccines were collected.Serum samples were collected 28 days after full-access immunization.The positive rate and concentration of IgM and IgG antibodies against COVID-19 were analyzed by chemiluminescence method,and related influencing factors were evaluated.Results A total of 253 participants were enrolled in this study.After full-access immunization of COVID-19 vaccines,the positive rate and the concentration of IgG antibody were 97.23%and 51.87(29.82,75.56)AU/mL,and the positive rate and the concentration of IgM antibody were 8.30%and 1.93(0.88,4.03)AU/mL,respectively.The concentration of IgG was 45.76(27.77,70.10)AU/mL in population aged 40-59,which was significantly lower than that of 54.39(39.60,79.72)AU/mL in population aged 18-39(Z=-2.215,P<0.05).The positive rates of IgM antibody of two vaccines from different sources were 3.37%and 10.98%,respectively,and the antibody concentrations were 0.95(0.49,2.57)AU/mL and 2.62(1.32,5.28)AU/mL.The differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=4.384,P<0.05;Z=6.162,P<0.01).There was a moderate correlation between IgM antibody and vaccine source(r=0.266).Conclusions Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines have a good immunogenicity profile among population aged 18-59.A certain proportion of participants show positive for IgM antibody after inoculation,and the IgM antibody is associated with the source of vaccine.