能源税能够提升能源效率吗?

Can Energy Tax Improve Energy Efficiency?

提升能源效率是实现碳中和,清洁发展的重要手段。征收能源税有可能从生产者和消费者两个维度提升能源效率,但是其机理尚不明确。文章构建了包含政府、生产者和消费者三个主体的博弈模型,探寻各主体间利益均衡,提高能源效率的条件和运行机理,分析能源税对能源利用技术进步中的作用。结果发现:征收能源税会在能源效率竞争策略下引发的耐用消费品价格变化,导致消费者支付更高的使用成本,甚至会影响生产厂商的销售额;能源税会引发能源利用技术的间接效应,能够迫使厂商发展能源效率更高的产品,以求降低消费者的使用成本;这能够为厂商带来利润,抵消征收能源税导致的能源价格上涨带来的不利影响。研究结论能够在能源税对各相关主体的影响以及能源税征收政策的制定等方面提供借鉴意义。

Improving energy efficiency is an important method to realize the carbon neutrality and clean development.To levy the energy tax may improve energy efficiency from both producer and consumer dimensions,but its mechanism is not yet clear.This paper constructs a game model containing the three main entities of government,producer and consumer,explores the balance of interests among the various entities,improves the conditions and operating mechanism of energy efficiency,and analyzes the role of energy tax in the technological progress of energy utilization.The results show that the energy tax would lead to changes in the price of consumer durables caused by energy efficiency competition strategies,leading consumers to pay higher costs for use and even affect the sales of manufacturers;energy taxes can have an indirect effect on energy-use technologies and force manufacturers to develop more energy-efficient products in an effort to reduce consumers'costs.This can generate profits for manufacturers and offset the adverse effects of higher energy prices resulting from the imposition of an energy tax.The conclusion of the study can provide reference for the influence of energy tax on various related subjects and the formulation of energy tax collection policy.