航运服务集聚区的空间范围界定及功能识别——以上海市为例

Spatial Scope Definition and Function Identification of Shipping Service Agglomeration Area:A Case of Shanghai

空间范围界定及功能识别是航运服务集聚区理论多元化及深入研究的基础,也是制定行业及城市规划决策的前提。已有的研究多侧重于对两者的定性描述,空间范围精准界定及功能量化识别较少。采用2019年航运服务业企业(组织)数据,运用高/低值聚类及热点分析对航运服务集聚区的空间范围进行精准界定,并基于企业经营范围关键词共现网络对其功能进行量化识别。结果表明:(1)上海市航运服务业全业态及子行业分布均呈高值聚类,已形成8个航运服务集聚区。(2)各集聚区的重要功能元在"仓储"、"国际货物运输代理"、"货物运输"高度重合,关键功能元与港口海运业、特殊监管政策以及本地产业相关性高。(3)不同类型集聚区的功能元聚类存在显著差别:内生型包括金山、长兴岛及宝山片区,形成本地产业链的延伸及需求为主的聚类,如"道路货物运输"、"杂务劳动"、"船舶零件及配件"等。外生型包括外高桥、浦东机场及临港片区,以现代物流及高级业态为主的聚类,包括"区内企业间贸易及代理"、"国际船舶代理"、"租赁财产的残值处理及维修"等。混合型包括外滩及陆家嘴片区,形成聚类包括"船舶工程"、"供应链管理"、"展览展示服务"等。

Spatial scope definition and function identification is not only the basis of theoretical study of shipping cluster area,but also the precondition for industry and urban planning decisions.Previous studies have mostly focused on the qualitative description,and the precise definition of spatial scope and quantitative identification of functions are still rare.Based on the address and business scope of shipping service enterprises(organizations)in 2019,this paper uses G index,G;index and keyword co-occurrence network to define the spatial scope and identify the functions of Shanghai shipping service clusters.The results show that:(1)the distribution of the whole and sub industry of Shanghai shipping service industry are high value clusters,and eight shipping service clusters have been formed.(2)The important function elements are highly overlapped in“warehousing”,“international freight forwarding”and“cargo transportation”,and the key function elements are highly correlated to port shipping industry,special regulatory policies and local industries.(3)There are significant differences in the function element cluster of different types:the endogenous type includes Jinshan area,Changxing island area and Baoshan area,which are dominated by warehousing,transportation and local industry extension.Function clusters include“road freight transportation”,“miscellaneous labor”,“ship equipment and accessories”.The exogenous type includes Waigaoqiao area,Pudong airport area and Lingang area.Function clusters are mainly composed of modern logistics and advanced business forms,including“inter enterprise trade and agency”,“international shipping agency”,“residual value treatment and maintenance of leased property”,etc.The mixed type includes the North bund and Lujiazui area.The funcion clusters include“ship engineering”,“supply chain management”,“exhibition service”,etc.