我国流域保护立法的价值表达与功能建构——以《长江保护法》为分析对象

Value Expression and Function Construction of River Basin Protection Legislation in China: Take the Yangtze River Protection Law as the Analysis Object

流域保护立法是实现我国流域空间法治的理论基础与实践路径,《长江保护法》是我国对大型流域保护综合性立法的首次尝试。以《长江保护法》为分析对象,运用法律规范相互关联的秩序思维和规范分析方法,探析该法通过立法目的、调整对象、法律原则等法律规范的设计,将国家战略和政治层面抽象价值转化为法律层面的价值表达与功能定位。该法"资源保护""水污染防治""生态环境修复"3个功能专章和"绿色发展"专章构成了"3+1"的结构模式,立法价值和绿色发展理念的融贯为各功能之间建立网状式的链接提供了可能。《长江保护法》是基于流域自然属性、生态属性、经济属性、法律属性、战略需求和法学理论一般运用的基础上,聚焦流域根本性问题,凸显法律价值与功能定位在整部法律的聚合性与布局性,能够为我国大流域保护立法提供借鉴和参考。《长江保护法》的实施是实现立法价值和功能定位的前提,也是实现其应然效力和实然效力的统一,这是一个系统性、持久性过程,需要行政机关对法律的执行、司法机关对法律的适用和公民对法律的遵守得以贯彻落实。

Watershed protection legislation is the theoretical basis and practical path to realize the spatial rule of law in China’s watershed. The Yangtze River Protection Law is the first attempt of comprehensive legislation for large-scale watershed protection in China. Taking the Yangtze River Protection Law as the object of analysis, using the order thinking and standard analysis methods related to laws and norms, through the design of legislative objectives, adjustment objects, legal principles and other legal norms, national strategic and political dimensions of the abstract value can be converted to the value of the law expression and function orientation. The three functional chapters of “resource protection”,“Water pollution prevention and control”,“ecological environment restoration”and the chapter of “green development” constitute the “3+1” structure mode. The integration of legislative value and green development idea makes it possible to establish network link between various functions. The Yangtze River Protection Law is based on the natural, ecological, economic, legal, strategic needs of the river basin and the general application of legal theories. Highlight focus in fundamental problems, legal value and function orientation in the whole law of polymerized and layout, it can provide the reference to large watershed protection legislation in China. The implementation of the Yangtze River Protection Law is the premise to realize the legislative value and function orientation, it is also to realize the unity of its supposed effectiveness and its actual effectiveness, it’s a systematic, persistent process, need an administrative organ for law enforcement and judicial organs on the application of the law and the civil implementation of compliance with the law.