全氟己酮及细水雾灭火装置对大容量三元锂离子电池的灭火实验

Experimental study on fire extinguishing of large-capacity ternary lithium-ion battery by perfluorohexanone and water mist fire extinguishing device

本工作搭建了锂电池燃烧-抑制实验平台,以额定容量为150 A·h的三元铝壳动力锂离子电池单体为研究对象,采用电加热方法诱导其发生热失控,研究全氟己酮及细水雾灭火装置对热失控锂离子电池的灭火降温效果,测试了不同工况下的灭火时间、最高温度、质量损失、灭火效率。实验结果表明:标准设计下的全氟己酮灭火装置能够快速灭火,最大降温速率为-15.4℃/s,但随着实验箱内灭火剂浓度下降,灭火后60 s锂离子电池发生了复燃;细水雾灭火装置可以有效灭火,在喷雾后锂离子电池温度降至78.8℃左右,最大降温速率为-26.9℃/s,后续未发生复燃现象,但是其用水量较大,难以开展实际应用。本工作可以为三元锂离子电池进一步的灭火技术研究提供实验支撑。

This work built a lithium-ion battery combustion-inhibition experimental platform,took a ternary aluminum shell power lithium-ion battery monomer with a rated capacity of 150 A·h as the research object, induced thermal runaway by electric heating, and studied the fire suppression and cooling effect of the perfluorohexanone and water mist extinguishing device on the thermal runaway lithium-ion battery. The fire extinguishing time, maximum temperature,quality loss, and fire extinguishing efficiency were measured under different working conditions.The experimental results show that the standard design of the perfluorophanketone fire extinguishing device can quickly extinguish the fire, with a maximum cooling rate of-15.4 ℃/s.However, as the concentration of the fire extinguishing agent in the test box decreases, the lithium-ion battery refires in 60 s after the fire extinguishing, and the water mist fire extinguishing device can effectively extinguish the fire. After the spray, the temperature of the lithium-ion battery drops to about 78.8 ℃, and the maximum cooling rate is-26.9 ℃/s. However, it is difficult to carry out practical application because of its large water consumption. This experiment can provide experimental support for further research on fire suppression technology of ternary lithium-ion batteries.