2019—2021年北京市顺义区腺病毒引起的学校流感样病例暴发疫情流行特征分析

Epidemiological analysis of influenza-like illness outbreaks caused by adenovirus in schools of Shunyi district in Beijing of China

目的分析2019—2021年北京市顺义区腺病毒引起的流感样病例暴发疫情,为学校腺病毒疫情防控工作提供参考。方法收集2019—2021年北京市顺义区学校流感样病例暴发疫情资料,采用描述性流行病学方法分析3起腺病毒暴发疫情的流行特征,并与同期9起流感暴发疫情的临床症状和流行强度进行比较。结果 3起腺病毒暴发疫情共造成46人发病,总罹患率为1.80%(46/2 560)。3起腺病毒暴发疫情均发生在冬季,腺病毒感染病例除发热外,症状以咽痛(30.43%)为主。腺病毒病例中的咳嗽、流涕、乏力报告率低于流感病例,腺病毒病例年龄小于流感病例[(6.59±0.72)岁vs(7.35±2.52)岁,(t=3.834,P<0.01)]。腺病毒引起的暴发疫情中罹患班级占比(3.03%,3/99)、总罹患率(1.80%,46/2 560)均低于流感引起暴发疫情的罹患班级(9.94%,17/171)和总罹患率(2.90%,224/7 716),差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)分别为4.37和9.19,P均<0.05)。结论腺病毒暴发呈现明显的季节性和班级聚集性,及时报告疫情和落实防控措施是遏制暴发疫情的关键。

Objective To analyze the influenza-like illness outbreaks caused by adenovirus in Shunyi district of Beijing from 2019 to 2021. Methods The epidemiological characteristics of three outbreaks caused by adenovirus were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method based on the data of influenza outbreaks in schools from 2019 to 2021, the clinical symptoms and epidemic intensity of 9 influenza outbreaks in the same period were compared. Results Three adenovirus outbreaks caused a total of 46 cases, with a total incidence rate of 1.80%(46/2 560).All 3 adenovirus outbreaks occurred in winter.The major symptom of adenovirus infection was sore throat(30.43%) in addition to fever.The reporting rate of cough(28.26%), runny nose(8.70%) and weakness(6.52%) in adenovirus cases was lower than that in influenza cases, and the age of adenovirus cases(6.59±0.72) was yoanger than that of influenza cases(7.35±2.52), t=3.834, P<0.01.Compared with involved classes(9.94%, 17/171) and the total incidence(2.90%, 224/7 716) caused by influenza virus, the proportion of involved classes(3.03%, 3/99) and the total incidence rate(1.80%, 46/2 560) were signficant lower(χ^(2)=4.37 and 9.19,respectively, all P<0.05). Conclusions Adenovirus outbreaks are seasonal with class aggregation.Timely reporting of outbreaks and implementing prevention and control measures are the key to contain outbreaks.