东营市2010—2019年新报告人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者和艾滋病患者流行病学特征分析

Epidemiologic characteristics of newly reported HIV infections and AIDS patients in Dongying city of China from 2010 to 2019

目的了解山东省东营市2010—2019年新报告人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)感染者和艾滋病(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS)患者的流行病学特点,为进一步制定有效的防控策略提供依据。方法从"艾滋病综合防治信息系统"中,下载2010—2019年东营市HIV感染者/AIDS患者历史卡片库,采用描述性流行病学方法和χ^(2)检验对数据进行统计分析。结果东营市2010—2019年新报告HIV感染者/AIDS患者共470例,年报告数从2010年的14例增加到2019年的74例,其中HIV感染者所占的比例从2010年的50.0%(7/14)上升至2019年的75.7%(56/74),各年间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=25.808,P=0.002)。报告病例性别以男性为主,年龄以25~<50岁人群为主(67.9%,319/470)以初中及以下文化程度占比最多(44.3%,208/470),感染途径以性传播为主(98.7%,264/270),样本来源以医疗机构为主(42.6%,200/470)。异性传播占比由2010年的42.9%(6/14)上升至2019年的50.0%(37/74),各年间传播途径的分布差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=30.193,P=0.036)。结论由于监测覆盖面的扩大和检测能力的提高,2010—2019年东营市新发现HIV感染者/AID患者呈逐年上升趋势,针对其流行特征,应该制定有针对性的干预措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases during2010 and 2019 in Dongying city,Shandong province of China.Methods All HIV/AIDS data of 2010 to 2019 were downloaded from the National Comprehensive AIDS Case Report System every January.Descriptive epidemiological analysis and chi-square test was used to analyze the data.Results There were 470 newly reported HIV/AIDS patients in Dongying city from 2010 to 2019.and the number of annual reports increased from14 to 74,of which the proportion of HIV infected patients increased from 50.0%(7/14) in 2010 to 75.7%(56/74) in 2019(χ^(2)=25.808,P=0.002).The reported cases were mainly male(88.1%,414/470).people aged from 25—49 years old accounted for(67.9%,319/470),education level of junior middle school and below accounted for the most(44.3 %.208/470).The main route of infection was sexual transmission(98.7%,264/270) and the samples were mainly from medical institutions(42.6 %,200/470).The proportion of heterosexual transmission increased from 42.9%(6/14) in 2010 to 50.0%(37/74) in 201 9,and the difference in the distribution of transmission routes was significant during 2010—2019.Conclusions The number of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Dongying increaset year by year during 2010 and 2019 as a result of expanded monitoring coverage and improved detection capabilities.Specific intervention should be proposed and health education should be strengthened among the special populations in order to control disease transmission.The sexual health of the population over 50 years old should be focused on.