Multiple knowledge representation for big data artificial intelligence:framework,applications,and case studies

In this paper,we present a multiple knowledge representation(MKR)framework and discuss its potential for developing big data artificial intelligence(AI)techniques with possible broader impacts across different AI areas.Typically,canonical knowledge representations and modern representations each emphasize a particular aspect of trans-forming inputs into symbolic encoding or vectors.For example,knowledge graphs focus on depicting semantic connections among concepts,whereas deep neural networks(DNNs)are more of a tool to perceive raw signal inputs.