夫妻财产和债务关系的解构与重构——以《民法典》第1062-1065条的解释论为中心

To Remake Matrimonial Property and Debts in PRC Civil Code:An Interpretation of Art. 1062-1065

对于夫妻债务问题而言,原《婚姻法解释二》第24条所体现的"推定论"与指导《民法典》第1064条第2款立法的"用途论"均非妥当的应对策略,切合实际的治本之道只能是实现夫妻对外责任财产的有效区隔。为此起见,针对民法典相关规定的解释论应当严格区分作为夫妻内部财产关系的"抽象财产价值"划分问题与作为夫妻外部财产关系的民商财产权归属问题,并以"财产权表面归属原则"所认可的公示和类公示规则充任后一问题的解决指南。唯有首先满足这些前提,并辅之以债权人撤销权等配套制度,夫妻之间方有可能最终达致"共债共签、各债各偿"的理想状态。

In determining whether somebody should be jointly and severally liable for the debts his/her spouse incurred, neither the "presumption theory" established by Art. 24 of the 2 nd Judicial Interpretion of Marriage Law(2003) nor the "purpose theory" proposed in Art. 1064, Sec. 2 of Civil Code is workable. If segregation of couple liabilities is the goal, the sole solution lies in outright distinction between husband and wife’s property. For this purpose, the interpretation of PRC Civil Code must draw a clear line between the allocation of patrimonial value(Verm9 genswerte), which indicates the inner proprietary relationship of the couple, and the ownership of property rights, which serves as the outer proprietary relationship and is circumscribed by the doctrine of prima facie control(or publicity and quasi-publicity). Only until these requirements are satisfied and the creditor’s right to rescission of contract solidated, can the idea "common debts shall be commonly made, the one who owes no money assumes no liability" be finally realized.