循“A-B-D”路径的腹腔镜胆囊切除术与常规路径腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性化脓性和坏疽性胆囊炎的对比研究

Comparative study of laparoscopic cholecystectomy following the “A-B-D” approach and conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of acute pyogenic and gangrenous cholecystitis

目的探讨循"A-B-D"路径的腹腔镜胆囊切除术在急性化脓性和坏疽性胆囊炎手术治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性收集2019年9月至2020年12月期间于乐山市人民医院采用循"A-B-D"路径的腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗的45例急性化脓性和坏疽性胆囊炎病例作为观察组(ABD观察组),同时收集2018年1月至2019年8月期间在乐山市人民医院采用常规路径腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗的50例急性化脓性和坏疽性胆囊炎病例(常规对照组)作对比,比较2组患者的安全性和有效性相关参数。结果本研究纳入ABD观察组45例(急性化脓性胆囊炎26例,急性坏疽性胆囊炎19例),常规对照组50例(急性化脓性胆囊炎24例,急性坏疽性胆囊炎26例)。2组患者的年龄、性别、体质量指数、疾病类型、胆囊情况、术前合并症等方面比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后ABD观察组无胆管损伤病例,常规对照组发生胆管损伤4例(8.0%),但2组的胆管损伤发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.054);术中ABD观察组中转开腹1例(2.2%),中转开腹率低于常规对照组(10例,20.0%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.017)。其他手术相关指标包括手术时间、术后住院时间、术中出血发生率和术后出血发生率2组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论循"A-B-D"路径的腹腔镜胆囊切除术可以清晰地辨明胆囊管与肝外胆管的解剖结构,能够有利于防止胆管损伤,并能降低中转开腹率,值得临床尤其是区县基层医院推广应用。

Objective To investigate the clinical value of laparoscopic cholecystectomy following “A-B-D”approach applied in the operation of acute suppurative or gangrenous cholecystitis. Methods We sought out 45 patients diagnosed as acute suppurative or gangrenous cholecystitis and treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy following the “A-B-D” approach in People’s Hospital of Leshan from Sep. 2019 to Dec. 2020 as the observation group(ABD observation group), and sought out 50 patients with the same diseases but treated by conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy from Jun. 2018 to Aug. 2019 as the matched group(conventional matched group). We analyzed and compared the parameters related to safety and efficacy of the two groups retrospectively. Results A total of 95 patients were included, including 45 patients in the ABD observation group(26 cases of acute suppurative cholecystitis, 19 cases of acute gangrenous cholecystitis) and 50 patients in the conventional matched group(24 cases of acute suppurative cholecystitis, 26 cases of acute gangrenous cholecystitis). There were no significant differences in age, gender, body mass index, disease composition, gallbladder condition, and preoperative complications between the two groups(P>0.05).There was no bile duct injury case in the ABD observation group(0), while there were 4 cases(8.0%) in the conventional matched group, but the statistical results showed no statistical significance between the two groups(P=0.054). One case(2.2%) in the ABD observation group converted to laparotomy, which was significantly lower than the 10 cases(20.0%) in the conventional matched group, and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.017). In addition, there were no significant differences for other parameters including operative time, postoperative hospital stay, incidences of intraoperative bleeding and postoperative bleeding between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusions The laparoscopic cholecystectomy following the “A-B-D” approach can help distinguish the anatomical structure of cystic duct and extrahepatic bile duct clearly, and it can help prevent biliary tract injury effectively and reduce the probability of conversion to laparotomy. It is worthy of clinical application and promotion, especially in the majority of county hospitals.