短链脂肪酸调控过敏性疾病研究进展

Research Progress in Regulation of Allergic Diseases by Short-Chain Fatty Acids

肠道微生物群的代谢产物调控宿主与肠道微生物群之间的共生关系、肠道稳态以及多种人类疾病的发生。肠道菌群发酵降解不易消化的膳食性纤维产生包括乙酸、丙酸和丁酸在内的短链脂肪酸。尽管短链脂肪酸主要在肠道中高度富集,众多研究发现,短链脂肪酸参与调控包括肠炎、糖尿病、脂肪肝和肥胖等多种疾病的发生和发展。最近研究报道发现,短链脂肪酸作用于Ⅱ型辅助性T淋巴细胞(Th2)、Ⅱ型固有淋巴细胞(ILC2)、嗜酸性粒细胞、肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞等多种过敏效应细胞影响过敏性疾病的发生。本综述将介绍短链脂肪酸与过敏性疾病的临床相关性以及其在过敏性疾病动物模型中的作用,并探讨其如何调控不同过敏效应细胞的功能和相关作用机制。希望为今后深入探讨短链脂肪酸在不同过敏性疾病中的作用提供研究思路。

Gut microbiota-derived metabolites play vital roles in the regulation of host-gut microbiota mutualism,gut homeostasis and the pathogenesis of multiple human diseases.Fermentation of indigestible dietary fibers by gut microbiota produces a variety of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)consisting mainly of acetate,propionate and butyrate.Despite high concentrations of SCFAs in the gut,it has been reported in a large number of studies that SCFAs are involved in the onset and development of multiple diseases,including colitis,diabetes mellitus,hepatic steatosis,and obesity.Recent studies including our work found that SCFAs regulates allergic immune reactions and the pathogenesis of allergic diseases via their action on allergic effector immune cells,including T helper 2(Th2)cells,type 2 innate lymphoid cells(ILC2),eosinophils,mast cells and basophils.Herein,we reviewed the association of SCFAs with human allergic diseases,their role in regulating the animal model of allergic diseases and the effects of different SCFAs in regulating the functions of allergic effectors cells and the underlying mechanisms,aiming to provide research clues for in-depth investigation in the role played by SCFAs in regulating various allergic diseases.