日本跨境数据流动规制新方案及中国路径——基于“数据安全保障”视角的分析

New Regulations on Japan’s Cross-border Data Flow and China’s Path:An Analysis Based on the Perspective of Data Security Assurance

[目的/意义]长期以来,欧盟、美国的跨境数据流动规制两大格局占据国际主导权;日本的跨境数据流动规制新方案打破了传统格局,对中国的跨境数据流动规则制定具有积极的借鉴意义。[方法/过程]运用综合分析、对比方法,对目前国内外跨境数据流动的相关研究进行分类述评,找准突破点。描述欧盟、美国跨境数据流动规制两大格局及其国际影响,分析日本跨境数据流动规制新方案的理念、管辖机制、推向世界进程及对欧盟、美国格局的冲击。在中、日情况对比基础上,分析日本跨境数据流动规制新方案的优势及对中国借鉴的适用性。进而提出以"保障数据安全"为取向的中国跨境数据流动规制路径之思路。[结果/结论]结论认为,应从4个方面探索我国跨境数据流动规制的路径:坚持和贯彻"保障数据安全,数据自由流动"的基本原则与取向;实行数据分类分级管理,实施安全的跨境数据流动管控策略;采取技术措施保障跨境数据流动安全;加强国际谈判与协作,尽力争取跨境数据流动规制话语权与主导权。

[Purpose/significance] For a long time, the two patterns of cross-border data flow regulation of the European Union and the United States have occupied the international dominant power;Japan’s new cross-border data flow regulation scheme breaks the traditional pattern and has positive reference significance for the formulation of cross-border data flow rules in China. [Method/process] Using the methods of comprehensive analysis and comparison, this paper makes a classified review of the relevant research on cross-border data flow at home and abroad, and finds out the breakthrough point. Describe the two major patterns of cross-border data flow regulation in the European Union and the United States and their international impact, and analyze the concept, jurisdiction mechanism, world promotion process and impact on the European, American and Georgia bureaus of the new scheme of cross-border data flow regulation in Japan. Based on the comparison between China and Japan, this paper analyzes the advantages of the new scheme of cross-border data flow regulation in Japan and its applicability to China. Then it puts forward the idea of China’s cross-border data flow regulation path oriented by "ensuring data security".[Result/conclusion] The conclusion is that we should explore the path of China’s cross-border data flow regulation from four aspects: adhering to and implementing the basic principle and orientation of "ensuring data security and free data flow";Implement data classification and hierarchical management, and implement safe cross-border data flow control strategies;Take technical measures to ensure the safety of cross-border data flow;Strengthen international negotiation and cooperation, and strive for the voice and dominance of cross-border data flow regulation.