基于层次分析法的干旱半干旱区15种引进观赏植物适应性

Assessment on adaptability of 15 introduced ornamental plants in arid and semi-arid areas based on AHP

层次分析法是将与决策有关的元素分解成目标、准则、方案等层次的基础之上进行定性和定量分析的一种决策方法。以张掖市2016年引进的15种观赏植物为研究对象,对其观赏价值、生长量和生态适应性进行观测和记录,按照制定的评价指标和评分标准进行评分,运用yaahp(层次分析法软件)v12.6.7760进行综合分析。结果表明:约束张掖市观赏植物引种适应性的评价因子有三个,分别为生态适应性(0.8142)>观赏价值(0.1140)>生长量(0.0718);在11个二级标准层评价指标因子权重总排序中,耐寒性(0.3210)、耐热性(0.3210)和耐旱性(0.2845)是最重要的3个评价指标,其次是观花特性(0.4095)、观果特性(0.4560)、树高生长量(0.3333)、地径生长量(0.3333)和冠幅生长量(0.3333)。综合评测显示,引进的11个观赏植物中适应性优良的有水栒子(5.0012)>鞑靼忍冬(4.7860)、蓝叶忍冬(4.7860)>卫矛(4.7839)>香荚蒾(4.7619)>蒙古扁桃(4.7403)>香茶藨子(4.7393);适应性较好的有葱皮忍冬(4.6796)>岩生忍冬(4.6686)>西康扁桃(4.6460)>球花荚蒾(4.6444)>长柄扁桃(4.5008)>金花忍冬(4.3699);适应性较差的是栓翅卫矛(4.2504)和天目琼花(4.0151)。建议将适应性优良和较好的13种观赏植物进行普遍繁育,作为今后张掖市生态造林和园林景观营造的新型造景材料。

Analytic hierarchy process is a decision-making method that decomposes the elements related to decision-making into objectives, criteria, schemes and other levels for qualitative and quantitative analysis.Taking 15 kinds of ornamental plants introduced in Zhangye City in 2016 as the research object, their ornamental value, growth and ecological adaptability were observed and recorded, and then scored according to the established evaluation indexes and scoring standards, and comprehensively analyzed by Yaahp(analytic hierarchy process software) v12.6.7760. The results showed that there were three evaluation factors restricting the introduction adaptability of ornamental plants in Zhangye, they were: ecological adaptability(0.8142) > ornamental value(0.1140)>growth(0.0718);In the total ranking of factor weights of 11 secondary standard layers, cold tolerance(0.3210), heat tolerance(0.3210) and drought tolerance(0.2845) are the most important three evaluation indexes, followed by flower viewing characteristics(0.4095), fruit viewing characteristics(0.4560), tree height growth(0.3333), ground diameter growth(0.3333) and crown width growth(0.3333). The comprehensive evaluation showed that among the 11 introduced ornamental plants, the ones with good adaptability were Cotoneaster multiflorus(5.0012) > Lonicera tatarica(4.7860), Lonicera korolkowii(4.7860) > Euonymus alatus(4.7839) > Viburnum farreri(4.7619) > Amygdalus mongolica(4.7403) > Ribes odoratum(4.7393), and the ones with better adaptability were Lonicera ferdinandii(4.6796)>Lonicera rupicola(4.6686)>Amygdalus tangutica(4.6460)>Viburnum glomeratum(4.6444)>Amygdalus pedunculata(4.5008) > Lonicera chrysantha(4.3699);Those with poor adaptability are Euonymus phellomanus(4.2504) and Viburnum opulus(4.0151). It is suggested that 13 kinds of ornamental plants with good adaptability and general should be widely bred as new landscaping species for ecological afforestation and garden landscape construction in Zhangye City in the future.