制度悬浮:乡村社会治理创新路径偏离的一个解释框架

Institution Suspension:An Explanatory Framework of the Path Deviation of Rural Social Governance Innovation

乡村社会治理创新本质上是制度文本转化为治理实践的过程,由制度设置、制度运行和制度场域这三重维度所建构的制度分析框架也因此成为理解乡村社会治理创新实践的重要视角。制度设置、制度运行和制度场域三者间的耦合程度直接影响着创新实践的呈现样态,并在相当程度上决定着创新效能的实现。通过案例分析发现,乡村社会治理创新偏离制度预期且在实践场域未能达到治理效能的一个可能性解释是,上级政府在推进乡村社会治理创新时,忽视了制度创新是一个集制度设置、运行与变迁的综合过程,从而导致制度设置、制度运行和制度场域之间的结构性脱嵌,使得制度悬浮于基层治理场域并进一步造成制度文本与治理实践的差距。为避免制度悬浮,推进政策文本有效转化为治理效能,应当注重制度创新的完整性、回应性、协调性与有效性,使制度建设整体上处于均衡状态,从而推进乡村治理有效。

The innovation of rural social governance is essentially a process of transforming institutional texts into governance practice.The institutional analysis framework constructed from the three dimensions of institutional setting,institutional operation and institutional field has become an important perspective for understanding the innovative practice of rural social governance.The coupling degree among institutional setting,institutional operation and institutional field directly affects the appearance of innovation practice and determines the realization of innovation efficiency to a certain extent.The case study shows that one possible explanation of rural social governance innovation deviating from institutional expectations and failing to achieve governance effectiveness in the field of practice is that when the higher-level government promotes the innovation of rural social governance,it neglects that institutional innovation is a comprehensive process of institutional setting,operation and change,which leads to the structural disembeddedness between institutional setting,institutional operation and institutional field,making the institutions suspend in the community-level governance field and further causing the gap between institutional text and governance practice.To avoid institution suspension and promote the effective transformation of policy texts into governance effectiveness,we should pay attention to the integrity,responsiveness,coordination and effectiveness of institutional innovation,so as to make the institutional construction in a balanced state as a whole,thus promoting the effectiveness of rural governance.