国家区域科技援助政策评估--基于科技援疆政策的实证研究

Evaluation of National Regional Science and Technology Assistance Policy--An Empirical Study on the Policy of Aiding Xinjiang with Science and Technology

国家区域科技援助政策是许多国家为破解地区间发展不平衡、促进落后地区创新发展而采取的政策措施,但国家区域科技援助政策效果尚没有系统科学的回答。基于科技创新政策评估理论,构建了具有复杂政策特征的国家区域科技援助政策评估指标体系框架,开发出了通过检验的反映出“支援”和“受援”双方协同创新特征的测量量表,以科技援疆政策实践为例,通过问卷调查和描述性统计实证评估了国家区域科技援助政策效果,并采用多元方差分析探索了各类型政策工具在政策作用对象上的效果差异。研究表明:国家区域科技援助政策效果整体水平较高,但供给、环境与需求3种类型的政策效果存在一定差异,其中供给型政策最高,其次是环境型政策,相对最低的是需求型政策;人才支持政策工具效果在科研机构与企业上、基础设施政策工具效果在中介机构与企业上、公共服务政策工具效果在科研机构与企业上、贸易支持政策工具效果在中介机构与企业上分别存在显著差异。最后,提出了提高国家区域科技援助政策效果的对策建议。

Regional science and technology assistance policy is a policy measure taken by many countries to solve the imbalance of regional development and promote the innovation and development of backward regions,but there is no systematic and scientific answer to the effect of national regional science and technology assistance policy.Based on the evaluation theory of science and technology innovation policy,an evaluation index system framework of national regional science and technology assistance policy with complex policy characteristics was constructed,and a measurement scale which reflects the collaborative innovation characteristics of"support"and"recipient"was developed.Taking the policy practice of science and technology assistance to Xinjiang as an example,the effect of national and regional science and technology assistance policies was evaluated through questionnaires and descriptive statistics,and the multivariate analysis of variance was used to explore the effect differences of different types of policy tools on policy objects.The results showed that:the overall effect of national and regional science and technology assistance policies is relatively high,but there are certain differences among the three types of policy effects of supply,environment and demand,among them,the supply-oriented policy is the highest,followed by the environmental policy,and the relatively lowest is the demand-oriented policy;there are significant differences of the effect of various support policy tools,specifically,the effect of talent support policy tools is on scientific research institutions and enterprises,the effect of infrastructure policy tools is on intermediary institutions and enterprises,the effect of public service policy tools on scientific research institutions and enterprises,and the effect of trade support policy tools on intermediaries and enterprises.Finally,the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the effect of national and regional science and technology assistance policies were put forward.