生产要素对制造业的影响分析及政策建议

An Analysis of the Influence of Production Factors on the Manufacturing Industry and Some Corresponding Policy Suggestions

制造业生产要素近十年来有明显的结构性变化,劳动力成本上升、资本偏好于服务业、土地供应有所收缩、节能减排约束、数据要素应用不足等因素共同制约着制造业转型升级和效率提升,总体可以归结为要素投入不足和要素回报率相对降低。优化制造业要素供给和配置需要从以下方面着手:加强制造业与服务业的深度融合,促进要素资源跨行业综合利用;扩大制造业开放程度,增强中国制造全球要素供给能力;强化制造业中高端人才储备,优化制造业就业结构;加强金融资本对制造业高质量发展的支持;提升制造业利用数据要素的规模和水平;不断改善制造业能源结构、提高资源利用效率。

The production factors of the manufacturing industry have witnessed significant structural changes in the recent decade.rising labor costs,capital preference on the service industry,reduced supply of land,energy conservation and emissions reduction,and inadequate application of data and other reasons have restricted the transformation,upgrading and efficiency improving of the manufacturing industry.These problems can be summed up into two aspects:inadequate input of factors,and relatively low return ratio of elements.To optimize the supply and allocation of manufacturing factors,we need to make effort in the following aspects:strengthen the deep integration of the manufacturing and the service industry,promote the comprehensive utilization of factor resources across industries;further open up the manufacturing sector and enhance China’s ability to supply global factors of manufacturing;strengthen the reserve of middle and high-end talents in the manufacturing industry and optimize the employment structure in the manufacturing industry;strengthen financial capital to support the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry;improve the scale and level of data elements used in the manufacturing industry;and continue to improve the energy structure and increase the efficiency of resource utilization in the manufacturing industry.