天津潮间带经济贝类资源变化规律研究

Variation of economic shellfish resources in the Tianjin intertidal zone

为研究天津潮间带经济贝类资源的变化特征,指导当地贝类资源的修复及合理开发,2008年—2020年,作者对汉沽鲤鱼门、大港减河口及大港滨海湿地三段潮间带滩涂开展持续的经济贝类资源调查。结果表明:共发现经济贝类24种,每段滩涂每年7~14种;各滩涂的经济贝类生物量范围为223.5~1665.5 g/m^(2),鲤鱼门及减河口滩涂的经济贝类栖息密度及生物量在2012年以后均高于2008年,2008年—2017年滨海湿地滩涂的经济贝类栖息密度及生物量高于2018年—2020年;鲤鱼门及减河口滩涂的经济贝类主要分布于中潮区中、下部,滨海湿地滩涂的经济贝类主要分布于中潮区中、上部;群落特征指数H′及J表现为鲤鱼门滩涂>滨海湿地滩涂>减河口滩涂,总体呈逐年下降趋势,指数D总体呈上升趋势;各滩涂的经济贝类优势种在调查前期均为四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis),鲤鱼门滩涂于2012年、减河口滩涂于2013年以后为菲律宾蛤仔。

To study the characteristics of change in economic shellfish resources in the Tianjin intertidal zone and guide the restoration and rational development of local shellfish resources,a continuous investigation on the economic shellfish resources has been going on in the tidal flat area of Liyumen(LY),Jianhekou(JH),and Nangang coastal wetlands(SD)from 2008 to 2020.The results show that 24 species of economic shellfish and 7–14 kinds were found in each tidal flat area in any year.The economic shellfish biomass ranged from 223.5 g/m^(2) to 1665.5 g/m^(2).The density and biomass of economic shellfish in LY and JH after 2012 were higher than those in 2008;those in SD in 2008–2017 were higher than those in 2018–2020.The economic shellfish are mainly distributed in the middle and lower parts of the middle tidal area in LY and JH and in the middle and upper parts of the middle tidal area in SD.The Shannon Weaver diversity index and Pielou evenness indexes showed the following order:LY>SD>JH.In general,there was a tendency of decrease,but the Margalef species richness index showed the reverse.The dominant species in 2008 was Mactra veneriformis,whereas the dominant species in LY and JH were the Philippine clam after 2012.The dominant species of economic shellfish in each tidal flat area was Mactra veneriformis in the early stage of the survey;Ruditapes philippinarum dominated in LY after 2012 and JH after 2013.