城市生态系统修复研究进展

Research progress of urban ecosystem restoration

城市生态系统是社会⁃经济⁃自然复合生态系统。城市生态系统修复的实质是协调好城市复合生态系统的自然过程、经济过程和社会过程之间的关系,促进复合生态系统的各方面协调高效可持续发展。以城市绿地、城市湿地、城市废弃地三类主要的城市生态空间为对象,论述了城市生态系统修复的研究进展,提出当前城市生态系统修复存在以人工修复技术为主、自然修复不足、机理和量化研究缺乏、理论和应用脱节、管理机制不健全、复合生态系统理论体现不足等问题。梳理了当前城市生态系统修复的研究热点,包括城市生态系统修复机理、城市生态资产与生态系统服务、城市生态系统质量和健康、问题导向的生态修复、面向人类福祉的生态修复、生态修复多学科融贯,以及新方法和新技术的应用等几个方面。提出了城市生态修复与管理的相关对策和建议,可为我国城市生态系统修复的研究和实践提供参考。

Urban ecosystem is a kind of complex social⁃economic⁃natural ecosystem.The essence of urban ecosystem restoration is to coordinate the relationship among the natural process,economic process and social process of the urban complex ecosystem,and promote the coordinated and efficient development of all aspects of the complex ecosystem.This paper takes urban green space,urban wetland,urban wasteland,three main types of urban ecological space,as the objects,and discusses the research progress of urban ecosystem restoration.Then we point out that the current urban ecosystem restoration has some questions such as too much artificial restoration and lacking of natural restoration,the lack of mechanism and quantitative research,the disconnection between theory and application,the imperfect management mechanism,and the weakness of complex ecosystem theory application,and so on.This article reviews the current research hotspots of urban ecosystem restoration,including restoration mechanism of urban ecosystem,urban ecological asset and ecosystem services,urban ecosystem quality and health,ecological restoration resulted from urban problems,ecological restoration oriented to human welfare,multidisciplinary integration of ecological restoration,and application of new methods and technologies.Finally,the paper puts forward the relevant countermeasures and suggestions of urban ecological restoration and management,which can provide references for the research and practice of urban ecosystem restoration in China.