氮素对水稻产量和品质形成的影响研究进展

Research progress of effects of nitrogen on yield and quality of rice

氮素是水稻产量和品质形成的基础,也是水稻生长过程中需求最大的元素,而氮肥的大量使用在保障水稻产量和维护国家粮食安全的同时,也造成了资源利用率低、稻米品质下降和环境污染等问题。本文综述了水稻产量和品质形成过程中的碳氮生理基础及其对氮肥的响应机制;并提出今后要开展精确定量施肥研究以提高水稻的氮素利用率,相关研究将更注重在高产优质的基础上减小对环境的污染,以期为水稻高产、优质栽培理论提供参考。

Nitrogen is the basis for the formation of rice yield and quality,and is also the most needed element during the growth process of rice.The large use of nitrogen fertilizer can guarantee rice yield and maintain national food security,but also cause problems such as low utilization rate of resources,rice quality decline and environmental pollution.In this paper,the physiological basis of carbon and nitrogen in rice yield and quality and the response mechanism of nitrogen fertilizer were reviewed,and the methods of quantitative fertilization and formula fertilization were used to improve the nitrogen use efficiency of rice and reduce the environmental pollution on the basis of high yield and good quality,in order to provide reference for the theory of high yield and good quality cultivation of rice.