中国“入世”20年农产品贸易概况及农业谈判之变革动向

The 20th Anniversary of China’s Accession to the WTO:Overview of Agricultural Trade and Reform Trends in Agricultural Negotiations

2021年是中国“入世”20周年,在此背景下,本文通过回顾中国20年来农产品贸易概况,比较发达成员和发展中成员在乌拉圭回合和多哈回合中的主要农业议题变化,重点分析中国在多边贸易框架下面临的潜在挑战。最后,展望疫情下新一轮农业谈判的同时,对中国农业政策分别提出相关建议。本文认为,中国在WTO坚定发展中成员立场的同时,也应未雨绸缪,积极应对各种潜在可能性带来的影响。对内方面:优化农产品进出口关税结构;提高农产品非关税措施的实施能力;加大农产品深加工研发投入,提高农产品附加值和质量安全,扩大内需的同时,打开国际市场;加快推动农产品跨境电商平台,实现全球资源优化配置。对外方面:坚持恪守国际贸易规则的同时,也积极参与WTO的改革;增强区域贸易合作,进一步拓展区域贸易战略伙伴;加强国际间农业合作,扩大境外农业投资;提高疫情下贸易相关措施的监测力度以保证透明度原则。

On the 20th anniversary of China’s accession to the WTO,this paper reviews China’s agricultural trade since China’s accession to the WTO.Particularly,this study compares the major changes in the obligations between developed and developing members in the new round of agricultural negotiations,and analyzes the main challenges that China faces under the multilateral trade system.Finally,we suggest four policy recommendations respectively in both internal and external aspects.We argue that China should firmly stick to its stance as a developing member country,while it should also actively prepare for the impact of various potentials in case of being treated as a developed country.We suggest internally:1)Optimizing the import and export tariff structure of agricultural products;2)Improving non-tariff barrier measures such as sanitary and phytosanitary measures;3)Expanding the R&D investment in processing agricultural products in order to increase the value added and safety of agricultural products,by not only expanding domestic demand,but also opening up the international market;4)Promoting cross-border e-commerce platforms for agricultural products to achieve optimal allocation of global resources.We also suggest externally:1)Complying with international trade rules,and at the same time actively participating in the WTO reforms;2)Strengthening regional trade cooperation and further strategically expanding regional trade partners;3)Strengthening international agricultural cooperation and expanding overseas agricultural investment;4)Improving the monitoring of relevant trade policies and measures under the pandemic to ensure the principle of transparency.