新疆吐鲁番阿斯塔那墓葬出土壁画颜料分析

A Component Analysis of the Pigments of Wall Paintings Excavated from the Astana Cemetery in Turpan,Xinjiang

吐鲁番阿斯塔那古墓群是新疆地区重要的墓葬遗址,具有极高的历史及艺术价值,是研究吐鲁番地区古代历史、文化的重要实物资料。为了研究吐鲁番阿斯塔那墓葬壁画颜料成分及工艺,本文以壁画文物残块为研究对象,利用体视显微镜、X荧光光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、拉曼光谱仪和偏光显微镜等多种技术对其进行了分析鉴定。结果表明,阿斯塔那墓葬壁画所使用的颜料全部为矿物颜料。其中,蓝色颜料为石青,绿色颜料为氯铜矿,白色颜料为石膏,黑色颜料为炭黑,赭色颜料为铁红;特别是发现紫色颜料为罕见的汉紫。该研究为后期修复保护材料、工艺选择提供科学依据。

The ancient cemetery of Astana in Turpan are important grave sites in Xinjiang,which has a high historical and artistic value,and are important materials for the study of Chinese ancient history and culture.In order to study the pigment composition and technology of the murals of the Astana cemetery in Turpan,this paper will make a deep research based on mural relics,and uses various techniques such as stereo microscope,X-ray fluorescence spectrometer,X-ray diffract meter,Raman spectrometer and polar⁃i zed light microscope.The results show that the pigments of murals from the tombs are all mineral pig⁃m ents.The blue pigment is azurite,the green pigment is chlorite,the white pigment is gypsum,the black pigment is carbon black,the brown pigment is iron red,and the purple pigment is Han purple.This re⁃s earch provides a scientific basis for the later restoration of protective materials and process selection.