环秀山庄与戈裕良再认识——叠山匠师方惠眼中的环秀山庄假山技法

Recognition of the Huanxiu Villa and GE Yuliang——the Rockery Technique of the Huanxiu Villa from the Perspective of FANG Hui, the Rockery Craftsman

出自清代叠山家戈裕良之手的环秀山庄假山是中国最好的湖石假山之一,学界有很多研究成果。但扬州叠山匠师方惠认为,学界对环秀山庄和戈裕良的认识有许多似是而非的地方,并提出自己的看法。方惠认为把南面作为观赏环秀山庄的主大面是一个巨大的错误,是对观赏者的误导,真正的主大面是入山的问泉亭至补秋山房一线,从这一线观赏才能体会环秀山庄假山洞壑幽深、断谷层叠、山势雄浑的真山之境。戈裕良的技法并非苏州传统技法,而是受扬州影响又具独创性的"深厚法"。历史上记载的叠山家很多,但只有戈裕良才是除了张南垣之外的又一座高峰。张南垣建立了"山之大",而戈裕良重点突破了"山之深",再加上李渔强调的"山之高",从而组成方惠眼中的叠山三原则。研究以方惠的观点为出发点展开分析,以获得对环秀山庄假山技法的深层思考。

The Huanxiu Villa created by GE Yuliang, a famous rockery craftsman in the Qing Dynasty, is one of the best rockery works in China. But in the view of FANG Hui, a rockery craftsman in Yangzhou, that there are many paradoxes in the current academic understanding of the Huanxiu Villa and GE. FANG believes that it is a huge mistake to use the south as the main area for viewing the Huanxiu Villa, which is a major misleading to the viewers. The real main area is from the Wenquan Pavilion to the Buqiu House. From this line of view to experience the ring show mountain villa false cave deep valley cascade, mountain power of the true mountain. GE’s technique is not a traditional Suzhou technique, but a unique "profound technique" influenced by Yangzhou. There are many famous rockery craftsmen recorded in history, but only GE is another peak besides ZHANG Nanyuan. ZHANG established the "big mountain", and GE focused on the "deep mountain", coupled with the "high mountain" emphasized by LI Yu, thus forming FANG’s three principles of rockery. This paper analyzes these several points of FANG, in order to obtain in-depth thinking on the rockery techniques of the Huanxiu Villa.