面向燃料电池和液流电池的高性能离子交换膜

Advanced ion exchange membranes for fuel cells and aqueous flow batteries

离子交换膜中离子的快速、选择性传递是发展高性能燃料电池和液流电池亟需解决的关键科学问题,离子传递过程与膜微观结构密切相关,如何通过聚合物分子结构设计在膜内部构筑高效的离子传导通道是解决这一问题的关键.从膜结构设计角度,总结了近几年针对该问题提出的离子交换膜结构设计策略,包括增加功能侧链旋转特性或引入次级相互作用诱导相分离、引入主客体相互作用构建热响应型离子通道、抑制分子链紧密堆叠构筑限域微孔通道等,并重点介绍了所制备离子交换膜的关键性质,以及这些离子交换膜在燃料电池或液流电池中的应用.

Promoting fast and selective ion transfer across ion exchange membranes is a key scientific challenge for the widespread application of fuel cells and flow batteries.As ion transport is closely related to the microstructure of ion exchange membranes,manipulation of polymer structure to facilitate the formation of efficient ion transport nanochannels within membranes is crucial to tackling this challenge.This paper focuses on the development of advanced ion exchange membranes for fuel cells and flow batteries and presents our membrane design strategies,which include the introduction of flexible/rotatable spacers,exploiting cation-dipole interactions,appending non-covalently bonded functional groups,and the incorporation of intrinsic microporosity to either enhance the formation of phase-separated morphology or to accelerate ion transport.This paper also highlights the key features of these advanced ion exchange membranes and their application in fuel cells or flow batteries.