基于多区域投入产出模型的中国钢铁行业虚拟污水转移研究

Research on Virtual Wastewater Transfer of China′s Iron and Steel Industry Based on Multi-regional Input-output Model

为深入了解中国钢铁行业的虚拟污水排放及转移情况,构建了多区域投入产出模型,计算了2012年中国30个省(自治区、直辖市)的钢铁行业虚拟污水排放量(本次尚未收集西藏数据),分析了虚拟污水排放情况及虚拟污水贸易格局,识别出了净承接污染排放地区和净转出污染排放地区。结果显示:钢铁行业万元增加值污水排放强度呈由北到南逐渐递增的趋势;2012年中国钢铁行业虚拟污水排放总量达1.32×10^(9) t,各地区的钢铁行业虚拟污水排放量差异明显,其中河北省的排放量最大,占30个省(自治区、直辖市)总排放量的17.99%,其次为河南省、江西省,分别占11.80%、7.61%;钢铁行业虚拟污水贸易格局整体由水质较好的浙江省、江苏省等转移至水质较差的河北省、河南省等;2012年河北省向其他29个省(自治区、直辖市)输送钢铁,导致河北省产生2.39×10^(8) t的虚拟污水,占河北省本省所用钢铁虚拟污水排放量的69%。基于以上研究结果,提出了优化产业结构、建立污染转移补偿机制及提高技术创新等相关的政策建议。

For a thorough understanding of the virtual sewage discharge and transfer of China′s iron and steel industry,this paper constructs a multi-regional input-output model,calculates the virtual sewage discharge of 30 provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities directly under the central government,except Tibet)of China′s iron and steel industry in 2012.The virtual sewage discharge situation and the national virtual sewage trade pattern are analyzed,and the areas that undertake pollution discharge and the areas that transfer pollution discharge areas are identified.The results are as follows.The wastewater discharge intensity of ten thousand yuan added value of iron and steel industry gradually increases from north to south.In 2012,the total amount of virtual wastewater discharge from China′s iron and steel industry reached 1.32×10^(9)t,the virtual wastewater discharge of iron and steel industry in various regions is significantly different.Among them,Hebei Province has the largest emission,accounting for 17.99% of the total emission of 30 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government),followed by Henan Province and Jiangxi Province,accounting for 11.80% and 7.61% respectively.The overall pattern of virtual sewage trade in the iron and steel industry has been transferred from Zhejiang Province and Jiangsu Province with good water quality to Hebei Province and Henan Province with poor water quality.In 2012,Hebei Province transported iron and steel to other 29 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government),resulting in 2.39×10^(8) t of virtual sewage in Hebei Province,accounting for 69%of the virtual sewage emissions of iron and steel in Hebei province.Based on the above research results,relevant policy suggestions are put forward,such as optimizing industrial structure,establishing pollution transfer compensation mechanism and improving technological innovation.