不同养分管理模式对大针茅草原种群特征的影响

Effects of Different Nutrient Management Models on Population Characteristics of Stipa grandis Grassland

[目的]研究不同养分处理对大针茅草原种群特征和产草量的影响。[方法]于2021年在内蒙古兴安盟扎赉特旗图牧吉镇采用随机区组设计方法,研究施有机肥、施化肥、放牧和对照(无管理措施)对草原种群特征及产草量的影响。采用单因素分析和多重比较对4个处理下的草原种群特征和产草量进行差异性分析。[结果]不同处理对草原种群特征和产草量的影响程度不一。与对照相比,有机肥、化肥和放牧处理均提高了羽茅的重要值,化肥处理达到了显著(P<0.05)水平;而大针茅和毛秆野古草的重要值呈下降趋势。与对照相比,一定程度上,有机肥处理提高了草群高度,而化肥和放牧处理降低了草群高度。草群盖度变化数据显示,与对照相比,化肥处理显著(P<0.05)提高了草群盖度,而有机肥和放牧处理一定程度上降低了草群盖度。产草量变化情况表明,与对照相比,有机肥和化肥处理均提高了产草量,化肥处理达到了极显著(P<0.01)水平,而放牧处理一定程度上降低了鲜草产量。[结论]有机肥处理有利于提高羽茅的重要值、草群高度和产草量;化肥处理有利于提高羽茅的重要值、草群盖度和产草量。

[Objective]To assess the effects of various nutrient treatments on population characteristics and grass yields of Stipa grandis grassland.[Method]In Tumuji Town,Jalaid Banner,Hinggan League,Inner Mongolia,the impacts of organic fertilizer application,chemical fertilizer application,grazing,and control(without management methods)on grassland population characteristics and grass yields were analyzed with random block design in the year of 2021.Single component analysis and multiple comparison were used to examine the variations in grassland population characteristics and grass yields across the four treatments.[Result]Grassland population characteristics and grass yields were affected differently by various treatments.Compared with the control,the treatments of organic fertilizer,chemical fertilizer,and grazing all raised the importance value of Achnatherum sibiricum,with chemical fertilizer treatment increased significantly(P<0.05),while the importance value of Stipa grandis and Arundinella hirta dropped.Organic fertilizer treatment enhanced grass height in comparison to the control,whereas the treatments of chemical fertilizer and grazing lowered grass height.Chemical fertilizer treatment increased grass coverage significantly(P<0.05)compared to the control,but the treatments of organic fertilizer and grazing reduced grass coverage.The treatments of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer increased grass yields compared to the control,with chemical fertilizer treatment increased extremely significantly(P<0.01),but grazing treatment decreased fresh grass yields.[Conclusion]Organic fertilizer treatment improved the importance value,grass height,and grass yields of Achnatherum sibiricum,and chemical fertilizer treatment improved the importance value,grass coverage,and grass yields of Achnatherum sibiricum.