马克思劳动价值论的辩证法内蕴——以“异化劳动”为中心

The Dialectical Connotation of Marx’s Labor Theory of Value:Focusing on “Alienated Labor”

【目的/意义】"异化劳动"是马克思劳动价值论的重要概念,又是剩余价值论对资本主义生产关系批判所指涉的重要问题域,结合《中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议》关于经济建设方面的论述,重析"异化劳动"所彰显出的辩证法内蕴,对于正确理解劳动与资本的关系,以及发展中国特色社会主义政治经济学具有重要的意义。【设计/方法】马克思政治经济学批判揭示出劳动异化导致劳动与资本对立。以"异化劳动"为中心,对其辩证结构作深入阐释,能清楚把握马克思劳动价值论的历史维度。【结论/发现】首先,"异化劳动"的批判性内涵是马克思重构劳动价值论的科学依据;其次,"异化劳动"对"经济的社会形态"的历史透析是马克思建构合理生产方式的重要方法;再次,"异化劳动"作为资本的否定性辩证法,展现出马克思劳动价值论深刻的历史批判力与判断力。

[Purpose/Significance] “Alienated labor” is not only an important concept of Marx’s labor value theory,but also an important issue involved in the criticism of capitalist production relations by surplus value theory.In combination with the discussion on economic construction in the resolution of the CPC Central Committee on the major achievements and historical experience of the party’s centennial struggle,reanalyzing the dialectical connotation of “alienated labor” is of great significance for correctly understanding the relationship between labor and capital and developing socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics.[Design/Methodology] Marx’s political economy criticism reveals that labor alienation leads to the opposition between labor and capital.Taking “alienated labor” as the center and making an in-depth interpretation of its dialectical structure can clearly grasp the historical dimension of Marx’s labor theory of value.[Conclusions/Findings] Firstly,the critical connotation of “alienated labor” is the scientific basis for Marx’s reconstruction of labor value theory;secondly,the historical analysis of “economic social form” by “alienated labor” is an important method for Marx to construct a reasonable mode of production;thirdly,“alienated labor”,as a negative dialectic of capital,shows the profound historical criticism and judgment of Marx’s labor theory of value.