构式“V你的(NP)!”的构件特征、意义、功能与构式化

The component characteristics,meanings,functions and constructionalization of“V ni de(NP)!”

文章分析了构式“V你的(NP)!”中常项构件和变项构件特征,认为该构式的构式义为“言者对听者的行为表达否定态度,要求听者专心V(NP)”。该构式既可用于消极情绪语境,也可用于积极情绪语境,消极情绪语境是其分布的优势语境。言语互动中,该构式具有凸显情态,结束话题和语境顺应的功能。元代出现的表祈使义的“你V你的NP”结构是该构式的萌芽形式,在隐喻与功能凸显、语境吸收和语用推理、去范畴化与重新分析、主观性与交互主观性等因素的共同作用下,于明代完成构式化。

Through analyzing the characteristics of constant and variable components in the construction“V ni de(NP)!”,the paper argues that the constructional meaning is“The speaker expresses a negative attitude towards the behavior of the listener,requiring the listener to focus on V(NP)”.This construction can be used for negative emotions contexts as well as positive emotion contexts,and the former is its dominant context distribution.In speech interaction,the construction displays such functions as highlighting modality,ending topics,and contextual adaptation.The original form of this construction can trace back to the imperative construction“ni V ni de NP”appearing in the Yuan Dynasty.The constructionalization was finished in the Ming Dynasty after the synergy of the following factors and processes:metaphor and function prominence,absorption of context and pragmatic reasoning,de-categorization and reanalysis,subjectivity and intersubjectivity.