儿童眼外伤临床特点分析

Analysis of Clinical Characteristics of Eye Injuries in Children

目的回顾性分析儿童眼外伤的临床特点。方法选取2012年1月至2020年9月盘锦市中心医院收治的126例眼外伤患儿作为研究对象,收集患儿性别、年龄、城乡分布、受伤时间、致伤原因、外伤类型、并发症、入院及出院时视力情况等资料,分析儿童眼外伤的临床特点。结果126例眼外伤患儿中男童86例、女童40例,且尤以3~5岁年龄组患儿最多;城市常住人口24例、乡镇及农村常住人口102例,其中城市儿童受伤6 h内就诊者16例(12.70%)、受伤1周后就诊者1例(0.79%),而乡镇及农村儿童受伤6 h内就诊者2例(1.59%)、受伤1周后就诊者17例(13.49%);第一季度受伤患儿人数最多,占37.30%,第二季度受伤患儿人数次之,占30.16%;致伤原因中以锐器致伤者最为常见,占46.83%;外伤类型中以眼穿孔伤者最为常见,占48.41%,眼挫伤者次之,占29.37%;出入院不配合检查者58例(46.03%),余68例(53.97%)患儿中出院时视力提高者占34.13%、无明显改善者占17.46%、下降者占2.38%。结论儿童眼外伤中尤以3~5岁乡镇及农村男童居多,锐器穿孔伤较为常见,且第一季度受伤患儿最多,根据眼外伤患儿流行病学特征采取相应措施,积极预防儿童眼外伤的发生尤为重要。

Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics of eye injuries in children patients.Methods 126 children patients with eye injuries admitted to Panjin Central Hospital between January 2012 and September 2020 were enrolled as subjects of research,and data of sex,age,urban⁃rural distribution,time of injury,causes of injury,type of injury,complications,vision conditions on admission and at discharge were collected to analyze the clinical charac⁃teristics of eye injuries in children.Results Of the 126 children patients with eye injuries,86 were boys and 40 were girls,and the majority were at the age of 3-5 years old;24 cases were urban residents,of which 16(12.70%)went to hospital within 6 h after injury and one(0.79%)went to hospital one week after injury,and the other 102 cases were rural or township residents,of which 2 cases(1.59%)went to hospital within 6 h after injury and 17(13.49%)went to hospi⁃tal one week after injury.The first quarter marked the largest number of children being injured,accounting for 37.30%,followed by the second quarter accounting for 30.16%.46.83%of eye injuries in children were caused by sharp objects which,thus,were the main cause of such injuries.The most common type of injury was ocular perforation accounting for 48.41%,followed by ocular contusions(29.37%).Of the 126 children patients,58 cases(46.03%)failed to undergo admission or discharge examinations,and among the remaining 68 cases(53.97%),34.13%showed visual improvement at discharge,17.46%presented no obvious visual improvement,and 2.38%showed a decline of vision.Conclusion It is found that boys aged 3-5 years old living in rural areas or township are more vulnerable to eye injuries,especially ocular perforation caused by sharp objects,and the eye injuries more often happened in the first quarter of the year.Therefore,it is particularly important to take appropriate measures to actively prevent the occurrence of such injuries based on the epide⁃miological characteristics of eye injuries in children.