《巴黎协定》下碳市场实施环境完整性风险及其应对研究

Research on Environmental Integrity Risk and Countermeasures of Carbon Market Implementation under Paris Agreement

市场方法是减缓气候变化、降低减排成本的重要手段。继《京都议定书》灵活履约机制之后,《巴黎协定》第六条提供了减缓成果国际转让机制(ITMOs)和可持续减缓机制(SMM)两种碳市场机制,但在实施过程中却很容易导致环境完整性风险。从理论层面看,影响环境完整性的因素主要有转让单位的质量、国家自主贡献(NDCs)的多样性与力度、国际转让的稳健核算等。对此,未来国际气候谈判中针对《巴黎协定》碳市场机制的实施,应从完善国际报告和审查制度、设定资格标准以及完善相应调整等方面来确保环境完整性。同时,我国在国内碳市场建设中,也需要不断强化碳市场制度体系与能力基础设施建设,保障碳交易实施的环境效果,为有效衔接《巴黎协定》下国际碳市场进行充分准备。

The market approach is an important means to mitigate climate change and reduce the cost of emission reduction.Following the flexible implementation mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol,Article 6 of the Paris Agreement provides two carbon market mechanisms:ITMOs and SMM,but it is easy to lead to environmental integrity risk in the implementation.From a theoretical perspective,the factors affecting environmental integrity mainly include the quality of transfer units,the diversity and strength of NDCs,and the robust accounting of international transfer.As for the implementation of the carbon market mechanism under Paris Agreement in the future international climate negotiations,we should improve the international reporting and review system,set qualification standards and improve corresponding adjustments to ensure environmental integrity.At the same time,in the construction of domestic carbon market,China should continuously strengthen the institutional system and capacity infrastructure construction,ensure the environmental effect of the implementation of carbon trading,and make full preparations for effectively connecting the international carbon market under the Paris Agreement.