大数据时代政府数据开放性质与立法研究——以贵州省贵阳市的立法实践为例

Research on the Opening Nature and Legislation of Government Data in the Big Data Era——From the Perspective of Guiyang's Legislative Practice

政府数据开放作为一项纲领性的政策要求,是开放政府运动的必然结果。知情权作为政务公开、信息公开、数据开放的逻辑起点,极易引起实务界和理论界的认知混淆,相似说、交叉说、独立说便是不同学术观点的争鸣。关于政府数据开放性质的认定,相似说、交叉说一度占据主流,但随着政府数据开放实践的深入、《信息公开条例》立法框架的变更、政府数据开放流程的确立,独立说受到关注。通过对贵州省贵阳市政府数据开放立法实践的深入分析,政府数据开放的功能定位、专业立法模式契合了独立说的基本观点,也迎合了开放政府的基本诉求,释放出政府数据开放的内在活力。因此,基于独立说的性质判定,我国政府数据开放立法应以政府数据增值利用权的实现、数据财产性价值的发掘、专项立法模式的选择为价值目标。

As a programmatic policy requirement,government data openness is the inevitable result of the open government movement.As the logical starting point of government affairs openness,information openness and data openness,the right to know is liable to cause confusion between the practical and theoretical circles.Similarity theory,cross theory and independence theory are the contentions of different academic viewpoints.As for the identification of the nature of government data openness,similarity theory and cross theory once dominated the mainstream.However,with the deepening of government data openness practice and the change of legislative framework of the Regulations on Information Opening,the establishment of government data openness process has attracted much more attention.Through the in-depth analysis of Guiyang government data opening legislation practice,the function orientation and professional legislation mode of government data opening conform to the basic viewpoint of independent theory,cater to the basic demands of open government,and release the inherent vitality of government data opening.Therefore,based on the nature of the theory of independence,our government data open legislation should take the realization of government data value-added use right,the excavation of data property value and the choice of special legislative mode as its value objectives.