土地出让、资源错配与经济高质量发展

Land Transfer,Resource Mismatch and High-Quality Economic Development

我国经济已由高速增长阶段转入高质量发展阶段,资源配置效率成为影响经济高质量发展的重要因素。基于资源配置视角,利用中国263个地级市面板数据,探究地方政府土地出让对我国经济高质量发展的影响及其作用机制。结果表明:(1)土地出让显著抑制了经济高质量发展,招拍挂出让的抑制效应高于协议出让,且存在明显的异质性特征。(2)地方政府低价出让工业用地、高价出让商服用地的两种供地策略造成土地价格扭曲,进一步加剧土地出让对经济高质量发展的抑制作用。(3)相关作用机制检验表明,地方政府土地出让导致区域资源错配效应,通过区域产业结构升级与区域创新水平影响经济高质量发展。(4)地方政府举债动机与经济增长目标动员显著调节了土地出让对经济高质量发展的影响。因此,应规范管理土地出让金,有序推进土地出让制度改革,统筹考虑地方政府举债动机和经济增长目标动员,缓解土地财政负向效应;应强化土地要素市场化改革,逐渐弱化地方政府对土地资源的过度垄断。

Under the background that China’s economy has changed from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage,resource allocation efficiency has become an important factor affecting the high-quality development of the economy.How to improve the mismatch of resources,improve the efficiency of resource allocation,and then promote high-quality economic development is a key problem that needs to be solved urgently in the theoretical and practical circles.Based on the perspective of resource allocation,this paper discusses how the development model of local government with the land transfer as its core has affected the high-quality development of China’s economy.The relevant mechanism of action is analyzed.The results show that:(1)The expansion of land transfer income significantly inhibits the high-quality development of the economy,and the inhibition effect of bidding and selling is higher than that of the agreement transfer,but there is obvious regional heterogeneity.(2)In the process of land transfer income expansion,the two-handed land supply strategy of local governments to sell industrial land at low prices and land to high-priced sellers has caused land price distortion,which further aggravates the inhibition of land transfer income to the high-quality development of the economy.(3)The test of the relevant mechanism of action shows that the expansion of local government land transfer income leads to the regional"resource mismatch"effect,which affects the high-quality development of the economy through the upgrading of regional industrial structure and the level of regional innovation.(4)Local government debt motivation and economic growth target mobilization significantly regulate the impact of the land transfer on high-quality economic development.Therefore,we should standardize the management of land transfer payments,promote the reform of the land transfer system in an orderly manner,consider the motivation of local government debt and the mobilization of economic growth targets,alleviate the negative effect of land finance,strengthen the market-oriented reform of land elements,and gradually weaken the excessive monopoly of local governments on land resources.