高铁网络、要素逆集聚与制造业创新

High-Speed Rail Network,Factor Reverse Agglomeration and Manufacturing Corporate Innovation

研究高铁网络能否优化高级劳动力要素的分配结构,对政府引导高级劳动力要素合理流动并推动制造业创新驱动发展具有重要意义。运用多时点双重差分模型并结合有效工具变量,考察了高铁网络对制造业企业创新的影响和机理。研究发现:(1)城市开通高铁站后,制造业企业发明专利授权数量平均下降约24.90%;(2)高级劳动力要素在制造业企业间进行逆集聚分布,是高铁城市抑制制造业企业创新的重要机制之一,解释效力约为5.46%;(3)对于沿海、民营和低研发强度等特征的制造业企业,高铁网络对其创新的抑制效应更加突出。为此,政府需结合区域特征合理布局高铁网络,引导高级劳动力要素向高铁城市制造业企业合理流动,加强高铁城市民营和低研发强度制造业企业研发资金的扶持力度,推动高铁城市制造业企业高质量创新发展。

It is of great theoretical and practical significance for the government to guide the rational flow of high-level labor factors and promote the innovation-driven development of manufacturing industry.To study whether the high-speed rail network can optimize the distribution structure of high-level labor factors among manufacturing enterprises along the line,using the difference in difference model,this paper finds that the manufacturing corporate innovation decreased by approximately 24.90%on average after the high-speed rail station opening.For the internal mechanism,the inverse agglomeration distribution of high-level labor factors among manufacturing enterprises along the line is an important mechanism that the high-speed rail network restrains the manufacturing corporate innovation,and the explanatory effect is roughly 5.46%.For manufacturing enterprises with coastal area,private or low R&D intensity,the inhibitory effect of high-speed rail network on their innovation is more prominent.Accordingly,the government should guide the rational flow of high-level labor factors by high-speed rail network,and optimize the distribution pattern of high-level labor factors among manufacturing enterprises,to promote the innovation-driven development of manufacturing industry along the line.