我国严重暴力犯罪死刑存废研究——以犯罪经济学为视角

Research on the Abolition of Death Penalty for Serious Violent Crimes in China—From the Perspective of Crime Economics

死刑作为剥夺犯罪人生命的最严厉的刑罚,一直以来都备受争议。2020年的两高工作报告显示,我国的严重暴力犯罪数量以及重刑率一直在下降,社会治安形势持续向好。在此背景下,对于是否可以将死刑废除的范围进一步扩大到严重暴力犯罪的思考是合乎时宜的。从犯罪经济学的视角,通过分析死刑废除前后边际成本收益以及刑法结构的需求弹性,讨论了我国是否具备立即废除严重暴力犯罪死刑的条件以及废除死刑的发展路径。

The death penalty,as the most severe way to punish criminals by depriving them of life,has always been controversial.The reports of Supreme People’s Court(SPC)and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate(SPP)in 2020 show that the number of serious violent crimes and severe punishment rates in China have been declining,and the social security situation continues to improve.In this context,it is appropriate to consider whether the abolition of the death penalty can be further extended to serious violent crimes.From the perspective of crime economics,this paper discusses whether China has the conditions to abolish the death penalty for serious violent crimes immediately and the development path to abolish the death penalty by analyzing the marginal cost benefits before and after the abolition of death penalty and the demand elasticity of criminal law structure.