农业补贴对农村家庭创业的影响研究——基于中国家庭金融调查的实证分析

Study on the Influence of Agricultural Subsidies on Rural Family Entrepreneurship--Empirical Analysis Based on Household Finance Survey in China

在“双创”背景下,农村家庭创业对改善民生、促进经济结构转型升级和践行乡村振兴战略具有重要意义。本文基于2017年中国家庭金融调查的数据,分析了农业补贴对农村家庭创业决策的影响和路径机制。结果表明:农业补贴会显著抑制农村家庭创业,相较于雇主型创业,对自雇型创业的抑制作用更大;从差异性分析来看,农业补贴会明显降低弱社会网络和粮食主产区家庭创业的概率;从区域差异性来看,西部地区的农业补贴对创业的抑制作用最明显,中部和东部地区的影响程度较弱。进一步的路径分析表明,农业补贴通过增加家庭收入、抑制土地流出、促进土地流入和扩大土地经营规模来改变家庭的农业生产经营决策,从而削弱农村家庭创业的意愿。据此,本文提出应逐步由普惠型农业补贴向差异化补贴转变,鼓励年轻人参与创业;活跃农村金融市场,缓解信贷约束;共享社会网络资源,实现创业带动就业的良性互动循环,以此提升农村地区的创业活力。

In the context of“mass entrepreneurship and innovation”,rural family entrepreneurship is of great significance to improving people’s livelihood,promoting the transformation and upgrading of economic structure and implementing the rural revitalization strategy.Based on the data from the 2017 China Household Finance Survey,this study analyzed the impact and path mechanism of agricultural subsidies on rural households’entrepreneurial decisions.The results show that agricultural subsidies can significantly inhibit rural family entrepreneurship,and the inhibition effect on self-employed entrepreneurship is greater than that on employer entrepreneurship;from the difference analysis,agricultural subsidies can significantly reduce the probability of family entrepreneurship in weak social network and main grain-producing areas;from the perspective of regional differences,agricultural subsidies in the western region have the most obvious inhibiting effect on entrepreneurship,and the influence degree is weak in the eastern and central regions.A further approach shows that agricultural subsidies change household agricultural production and management decisions by increasing household income,restraining land outflow,promoting land inflow and expanding land management scale,thus weakening rural households’willingness to start businesses.Therefore,this study proposes to gradually shift from universal agricultural subsidies to differentiated subsidies to encourage young people to participate in entrepreneurship;activate rural financial market,ease credit constraints;share social network resources to realize the benign interactive cycle of entrepreneurship and employment,so as to enhance the entrepreneurial vitality in rural areas.