欧盟共同农业政策:绿色生态转型、改革趋向与发展启示

The EU Common Agricultural Policy:Green Ecological Transformation,Reform Trends and Implications

农业是引发温室气体增多、生物多样性下降以及水体污染等生态安全事件的主要产业之一。在种种生态安全事件的挑战下,农业应该朝着绿色生态的方向进行转型已经成为多数国家的共识。欧盟的共同农业政策是世界上较早提倡农业绿色发展的农业政策之一。从1992年开始的麦克萨里改革到已经达成的《2023—2027年共同农业政策》临时协议,欧盟共同农业政策绿色生态转型体现出政策支持更加明确、以农民利益保护为重点、自愿性与强制性措施相结合、以数字技术为支撑以及多政策配套实施等改革趋向。在强调绿色发展与转型的新时代,欧盟共同农业政策的改革历程及发展趋向可以为中国农业政策改革提供一定的经验及启示,通过优化顶层设计、健全补贴机制、坚持弹性原则、提高科技能力、增加政策协同等措施来推进农业的绿色生态转型。

Agriculture is one of the major industries that contribute to ecological security events such as the increase of greenhouse gases, the decline of biodiversity and the pollution of water bodies.Under the challenge of ecological security, there is a consensus in most countries that agriculture should be transformed towards a green ecological direction.The European Union(EU)Common Agricultural Policy(CAP) was one of the first agricultural policies in the world to advocate the green development of agriculture.From the McSurrey Reform that began in 1992 to the Common Agricultural Policy 2023-2027 that has been provisionally agreed, the green transformation of the EU CAP reflects a clearer policy support, focusing on the protection of farmers’ interests, a combination of voluntary and mandatory measures, the support of digital technology, and the implementation of multiple policies.The reform trends include clearer policy support, a focus on the protection of farmers’ interests, a combination of voluntary and mandatory measures, digital technology as support, and multiple policy packages.In the new era of green development and ecological transformation, the reform process and development trend of the EU CAP can provide certain reference experience for China’s agricultural policy.In this regard, China should promote the green and ecological transformation of agriculture by optimizing top-level design, improving subsidy mechanisms, adhering to the principle of flexibility, enhancing scientific and technological capabilities, and increasing policy synergies.