财政支农与粮食安全——基于区域差异的实证分析

Financial Support for Agriculture and Food Security——Empirical Analysis Based on Regional Differences

本文对中国2007—2019年财政支农的支出空间分布与效率差异进行分析,发现财政支农的"量"与"效率"有明显的区域异质性。运用系统GMM模型分析财政支农对粮食安全的影响得出以下结论:第一,财政支农规模效率提高粮食安全度的能力比财政支农纯技术效率高;在政策短视性影响下,财政支农规模提高粮食安全度的作用存在滞后效应。第二,财政支农规模高不一定能有效保障粮食安全,提高财政支农规模只是保障粮食安全的必要非充分条件。第三,粮食主销区应加大财政支农规模,粮食产销平衡区则需在保证财政支农资金投入的前提下,加快农业现代化建设,提高财政支农效率。因此,制定财政支农政策应因地制宜,实现精准施策;政府应转变财政支农资金的管理方式并提升资金管理效率;各地区应优化产业结构,实现以技术创新替代劳动要素投入。

Analyzing the spatial distribution and efficiency differences of China’s fiscal support for agriculture from 2007 to 2019, this paper finds that the“quantity”and“efficiency”of fiscal support for agriculture have obvious regional heterogeneity.Using the System GMM to analyzes the impact of financial support for agriculture on food security, the following conclusions are drawn: First, the efficiency of the scale of fiscal support for agriculture is higher than the pure technical efficiency of fiscal support for agriculture;under the influence of policy short-sightedness, the scale of fiscal support for agriculture has a lagging effect in improving food security.Second, a high scale of financial support for agriculture may not be able to guarantee food security effectively, increasing the scale of financial support for agriculture is only a necessary and insufficient condition for ensuring food security.Third, the main grain sales area should increase the scale of financial support for agriculture, and the production and sales balance area needs to speed up the modernization of agriculture and improve the efficiency of financial support for agriculture under the premise of ensuring the investment of financial support for agriculture.Therefore, the formulation of fiscal policies to support agriculture should be tailored to local conditions to achieve precise policy implementation;the government should change the management method of financial support funds for agriculture and improve the efficiency of fund management;all regions should optimize the industrial structure to replace the input of labor factors with technological innovation.