严寒地区城市住区公共空间热环境及热舒适实测研究

Field Study of Thermal Environment and Thermal Comfort in Public Spaces in Urban Residential Areas of Severe Cold Regions

城市住区公共空间是居民日常生活和邻里交往的重要空间,其热环境质量对建筑能耗以及居民舒适度等均存在不同程度的影响。本研究选择在冬季、过渡季以及夏季对严寒地区城市广场、邻里广场等住区公共空间的热环境及热舒适水平进行综合评价,从而探究严寒地区城市住区公共空间在不同季节的气候适应能力。研究表明:城市广场在3个季节的温度及风速均明显高于邻里广场,且平均差异在冬季最小;同时,尽管城市广场在冬季的热舒适水平相对最好,但围合式邻里广场的全年气候适应能力最佳。此外,天空开阔度对邻里广场的热环境及热舒适水平存在一定影响,且不同邻里广场的差异在冬季为最小。

Public spaces in urban residential areas play an important role in people’s daily life and interactions with the neighborhood,and its thermal environment has different effects on building energy consumption and the residents’ comfort.Focusing on severe cold regions,this study explored the climate adaptation of public spaces by evaluating the outdoor thermal environment and thermal comfort in urban and residential squares in winter,transitional season and summer.Results show that,compared with residential square,the temperature and wind speed in the city square is significantly higher,with the smallest average differences falling in winter.Furthermore,although the thermal comfort condition in the city square is relatively optimal in winter,the year-round climate adaptation of the enclosed residential square is the best.In addition,the Sky View Factor has certain effects on the thermal environment and thermal comfort condition in the residential square and the differences are smallest in winter.