Perthes病不同种属动物模型的特点及应用

Characteristics and application on animal models of different species of Perthes disease

背景:Perthes病发病较为隐蔽,早期易漏诊,至今其发病机制仍未完全阐明。动物模型是研究Perthes病发病机制、进行体内实验的重要工具。目的:总结国内外相关文献,按不同种属动物进行分类对Perthes病动物模型的特点及应用情况进行综述,为Perthes病体内实验研究提供参考。方法:以“Perthes、动物、动物模型、Perthes disease、Animal model、animal”为检索词,在PubMed、中国知网、万方及维普数据库中检索文献,根据纳入和排除标准最终纳入61篇文献。结果与结论:①建立Perthes病动物模型主要的种属动物有仔猪、大鼠、小鼠、幼兔、幼犬和幼羊,仔猪、大鼠、幼兔、幼犬和幼羊是在股骨近端造模的,而小鼠在股骨远端造模。②目前为止,仔猪是造Perthes病模型所用最多的动物,股骨颈环扎法对仔猪进行建模最为成熟;大鼠骨骺生长板终身存在,且自发性高血压大鼠具有原发性股骨头缺血坏死的特点;③小鼠有利于基因操作的优点,小鼠在基础研究中很有应用前景;幼兔体型适中、股骨头大小适中,易于观察和取材;④幼犬体积较大,方便做局部操作研究,但较难圈养且价格较贵;⑤幼羊造模的影像学改变与Perthes病并不相似。⑥目前综合而言,具体选哪种动物及方法构建Perthes病动物模型,需根据学者的实验条件及实验目的来选择,而股骨颈环扎法对仔猪进行建模的方法最为成熟,因此用仔猪建立Perthes病模型的建模效果最佳。

BACKGROUND:The pathogenesis of Perthes disease is insidious and easily missed at an early stage,and the mechanism of pathogenesis is still not fully understood.Animal models are an important tool for studying the pathogenesis of Perthes disease and for conducting in vivo experiments.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the relevant domestic and foreign literature,classify animals of different species to review the characteristics and application of animal models of Perthes disease,and provide references for the in vivo experimental research of Perthes disease.METHODS:Using“Perthes,Perthes disease,animal model,animal”as the Chinese and English search terms,articles were searched on PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang,and VIP databases.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,61 articles were finally included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The main species for establishing the animal models of Perthes disease are piglets,rats,mice,young rabbits,puppies,and young sheep.Piglets,rats,young rabbits,young dogs,and young sheep are modeled at the proximal femur,while mice are modeled at the distal femur.(2)So far,piglets are the most used animals to model Perthes disease,and femoral neck ligation is the most mature method to model piglets.The epiphyseal growth plate of rats exists for life,and spontaneously hypertensive rats have the characteristics of primary avascular necrosis of the femoral head.(3)Mice have the advantage of being conducive to gene manipulation,and mice have great application prospects in basic research.The size of the young rabbit is moderate,the size of the femoral head is moderate,and it is easy to observe and obtain materials.(4)The puppies are large and convenient for local operation research,but they are difficult to be kept in captivity and expensive.(5)The imaging changes of young sheep model were not similar to Perthes disease.(6)At present,on the whole,the specific animal and method for modeling are selected according to the experimental conditions and objectives of scholars.The femoral neck cerclage method is the most mature model for piglets,and this model is currently the best.