司马谈论道家的尚简政治思想

Sima Tan’s Views on Taoism’s Political Thoughts of “Valuing Simplicity”

司马谈是西汉时期的史学家、思想家和大学者。他对先秦诸子百家的学说作过深入研究,其成果集中体现在《论六家要指》一文之中。司马谈从"务为治"即把六家学说定性为治理国家的政治学说发论,把道家的政治思想与阴阳、儒、名、墨、法等五家的政治思想作了区分和比较。他认为,道家吸收了其他五家的长处,又没有五家的短处,比较明确地把道家无为政治思想概括为简易政治思想,形成了道家独特的简易政治思想风格。司马谈虽然论的是道家,但主要讲的是老子。

Sima Tan was a historian, thinker and the scholar in the Western Han Dynasty. He made an in-depth study of the various schools of thoughts in the pre-Qin period. The article of Main Points of Six Schools reflects his ideological achievements. Sima Tan characterized the concept of serving politics in the six theories as the political theory of governing the country. Based on this, he distinguished and compared the political thought of Taoism with that of the other five schools: Yin-Yang, Confucianism, Names, Mohism, and Legalism. He believed that Taoism absorbed the strengths of the other five schools, but did not have the weaknesses of the five. He clearly summarized the Taoist inaction political thought as simple political thought, forming the unique simple political thought style of Taoism. Although Sima Tan talked about Taoism in general, he mainly concentrated on Lao Zi’s thought.