岷州茶马司设立原因再探——兼论其设立时间和“招番中马”

A Research on the Reason of Establishing Minzhou Tea-Horse Department in Ming Dynasty:The Establishment Date of Minzhou Tea-Horse Department and Buying Tibetan Horse Policy

茶马司之间地理位置的分布是否合理,一直是明朝廷增设茶马司前首先所考虑的,但明王朝于万历二十二年(1594)在距离洮州茶马司仅有百里之地的岷州又增设了明代的最后一个茶马司--岷州茶马司,岷州茶马司的增设肯定有其特殊的原因。通过对徐彦登《历朝茶马奏议》中大量明中后期巡茶御史奏疏材料的整理和研究,考察发现,岷州城外番族众多又情愿纳马,且在嘉、万时期"招番御虏"的大背景下,受诸茶马司"招番中马"热潮的影响岷州茶马司增设,同时,岷州城茶仓临时存贮着大量积茶的特殊情况极可能直接导致了岷州茶马司的增设。岷州茶马司的增设似是明王朝在特殊情境下的特殊举措。

The reasonable geographical locations of Tea-Horse Departments were the primary consideration of establishing new Tea-Horse Departments.As for the last site of Tea-Horse Department in Ming Dynasty,Minzhou Tea-Horse Department was set up in 1594 and few hundred miles away from Taozhou Tea-Horse Department.There was a special reason for it.According to the Historical Tea-Horse Memorials,which was written by Xu Yandeng,there was a large number of Tea-leaves stored in Minzhou city and outside of the city many Tibetans who prefer to sell their horses to buy tea-leaves.Under the Ming central government's policy of attracting Tibetan against Mongolian and Tea-Horse departments'buying Tibetan Horse policy,Minzhou Tea-Horse Department was established.