炳灵寺上寺第4窟主尊身份与壁画研究

A Study on the Main Buddhist Statue and Murals of Fourth Grotto in the Upper Cave of Bingling Monastery

炳灵寺上寺第4窟是明代藏传佛教壁画的精品,内容丰富,至今学界还没有系统研究,通过对炳灵寺上寺第4窟壁画内容比对分析,发现第4窟正壁展现的是华严经入法界变,及由《普贤行愿品》引导出的西方净土变。根据正壁主尊头光及两侧文殊、普贤配置,判断正壁主尊身份应为十一面观音,由此形成了文殊、十一面观音、普贤三大士题材。艺师匠心独具,把入法界经变、三大士、西方净土变贯穿起来,营造出圣神庄严的佛国世界。

The murals of fourth grotto in the upper cave of Bingling Monastery are master pieces of Tibet Buddhist wall painting in Ming Dynasty.These murals are rich in content but lack of systematic study.Through analyzing the murals,it can be found that the murals show the different stages of Sudhanakumara entering the dharma realm and the whole image of purification of western land launched by Samantabhadra Bodhisattva.Judging by the statues of Samantabhadra Bodhisattva and Manjushri Boddhisattva on its sides and the light image over its head,the main Buddhist statue could be Ekadasamukhanam Avalokitesvara,the e-leven-sided Guanyin.The authors of these murals and statues combined the themes of entering the dharma realm,purifying the western land and threebodhisattvas,create a scare and solemn Buddhist world。