中国天眼工程周边地区土地利用时空演变与生态环境效应

Spatiotemporal Land Use Change and Its Effects on Ecco-environment in Area Surrounding Five-Hundred-Neter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope

[目的]分析FAST(中国天眼)工程周边的贵州省平塘县、惠水县、罗甸县的土地利用类型和空间变化,探讨土地利用变化与生态环境的关系,为FAST工程周边的生态环境保护和改善提供科学参考。[方法]以2000,2005,2010,2013和2017年5期TM遥感影像数据为基础,运用RS和GIS技术解译遥感影像数据获取惠水县、罗甸县、平塘县“三生”空间的土地利用数据,计算区域生态环境质量指数及其生态贡献率,分析研究区近20 a土地利用功能演变特征及区域生态环境响应状况。[结果]①FAST周边林地面积比例最大,但呈减少的趋势。研究区土地利用面积表现为:生态用地>生产用地>生活用地,但生活和生产用地面积增加,分别由1661.74和12.84 km^(2)增加到1674.07和25.66 km^(2),生态用地面积则由6610.55 km^(2)减少到6590.86 km^(2)。②FAST工程建设加速土地利用类型的转变,促使FAST周边林地生态用地、草地生态用地、农业生产用地、水域生态用地相互转换,其中林地生态用地的转出面积最大,占转出面积的46.14%。③FAST周边的生态环境质量指数由0.4710下降到0.4681,生态环境呈现下降的趋势,FAST周边的发展促使高生态环境土地利用转向低生态环境土地利用类型。[结论]FAST周边的生态环境与土地利用变化存在耦合关系,生态环境质量随生态用地向生产、生活用地转变呈现下降趋势。提高FAST周边生态用地质量,有助于FAST工程的安全运行。

[Objective]The spatiotemporal changes in land use types in Pingtang,Huishui,and Luodian counties surrounding the FAST(five-hundred-meter aperture spherical radio telescope)were analyzed,and the relation between land use changes and the ecological environment was explored,in order to provide reference suggestions for the environmental protection and improvement of the ecological environment around the FAST.[Methods]Based on the TM remote sensing image data of 2000,2005,2010,2013 and 2017,RS and GIS technology were used to interpret the remote sensing image data to obtain the productive-living-ecological space of Huishui County,Luodian County and Pingtang County of Guizhou Province surrounding FAST.With these land use data,the regional ecological environment quality index and its ecological contribution rate were calculated,and the evolution characteristics of land use function and the response status of regional ecological environment in the past 20 years were analyzed.[Results]①The forest land around FAST occupied the largest proportion,but showed a decreasing trend.The land use area of productive-living-ecological space was as follows:ecological area>productive area>living area.The area of living and production land increased from 1671.74,12.84 km^(2) to 1674.07,25.66 km^(2),respectively,the ecological land area decreased from 6610.55 km^(2) to 6590.86 km^(2).②The construction of the FAST project accelerated the transformation of land use types and promoted the mutual conversion of forest ecological land,grassland ecological land,agricultural production land,and water ecological land around FAST.Among them,forest ecological land had the largest transfer area,accounting for 46.14%of the transferred area.③The eco-environmental quality index around FAST dropped from 0.4710 to 0.4681,and the eco-environment showed a downward trend.The development around FAST promoted the conversion of land use with high ecological environment to land use with low ecological environment.[Conclusion]There is a coupling relation between the ecological environment and land use changes around FAST.The quality of the ecological environment shows a downward trend as the ecological land changes to production and living land.Improving the ecological land around FAST is beneficial to safe operation of FAST project.