生物多样性与生态系统多功能性的关系研究进展

Research progress on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality

生物多样性与生态系统功能关系是生态学研究的热点之一,以往研究多关注生物多样性与单一生态系统功能之间的关系,然而生态系统能够同时提供多种功能和服务即生态系统多功能性(ecosystem multifunctionality,EMF),仅考虑单一生态系统功能会低估生物多样性的重要性。近年来,EMF研究的重要性受到更多重视,生物多样性与生态系统多功能性(biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality,BEMF)关系成为生态学研究新的热点。梳理近15年的研究发现,不同维度、不同尺度的单一或多营养级生物多样性均会对EMF产生显著的影响,并且在全球变化的背景下,自然干扰与人为干扰均会影响生物多样性与生态系统多功能性从而改变BEMF关系,EMF测度方法的差异也可能导致BEMF关系的不一致。生物多样性维度(尺度)选择的局限、不同EMF测度方法的认知差异、BEMF时空数据库的缺乏以及BEMF关系研究方法的单一等问题阻碍了BEMF关系的深入探究。未来研究应对现有测度方法进行深入比较并发展通用的新方法,深入探究多维度、多尺度生物多样性对EMF影响的综合作用。此外,应结合野外观测、遥感监测等全方位调查手段建立多时空尺度的BEMF数据库,扩展BEMF关系研究方法,建立通用的分析框架,规范BEMF关系研究范式,深化BEMF关系的研究。

The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function is one of hot topics in ecological research.Previous studies focused on the relationship between biodiversity and single ecosystem function.However,ecosystem can provide multiple functions and services at the same time,that is,ecosystem multifunctionality(EMF).Considering single ecosystem function will underestimate the importance of biodiversity.In recent years,more and more attention has been paid to the importance of EMF research.The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality(BEMF)has become a new hotspot in ecological research.In the past 15 years,it has been found that single or multi trophic biodiversity of different dimensions and scales have significant effects on the EMF.In the context of global change,natural and human disturbance will affect biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality,thus changing the relationship between BEMF.The difference of EMF measurement methods may also lead to the inconsistency of BEMF relationship.The limitations of biodiversity dimension(scale)selection,the cognitive differences of different EMF measurement methods,the lack of BEMF spatiotemporal database and the single research method of BEMF relationship hinder the further exploration of BEMF relationship.Future research should compare the existing measurement methods and develop new general methods,explore the comprehensive effect of multi⁃dimensional and multi⁃scale biodiversity on EMF.In addition,we should combine the field observation,remote sensing monitoring and other comprehensive investigation means to establish a multi⁃scale spatiotemporal BEMF database,expand the research methods of BEMF relationship,establish a common analytical framework,standardize the research paradigm of BEMF relationship,and deepen the research of BEMF relationship.