新冠肺炎疫情影响下青年就业政策研究——基于省级层面的政策文本分析

Research on Youth Employment Policy under COVID-19 Pneumonia Epidemic Situation:Policy Text Analysis Based on Provincial Level

青年就业的政策体系属于国家积极就业政策的重要组成部分。疫情当下,研究青年就业的政策工具及其组合应用对于提升政策效能,避免政策盲目性和片面性,完善国家积极就业政策具有重要理论意义和实践价值。研究各省在疫情期间青年就业政策工具及其组合应用,探析其政策工具的特点和不足,为提高各省青年就业的政策效能,进一步促进青年就业提供策略参考和政策建议。构建政策目标—工具整合性分析框架,运用NVivo11 Plus质性分析软件,对疫情前后22个省级层面青年就业政策文本进行量化统计分析。总结归纳得到引领动员型、能力提升型、保障支持型、监督评价型4类政策工具类目,并进一步细化得到14个政策工具条目,在此基础上,探究不同阶段、不同施策对象政策工具的结构特点及其组合应用。研究发现,各省相关职能部门在政策制定和落实过程中的枢纽协调作用较为明显,在保障青年就业的过程中积极发挥作用,引导青年树立正确的就业观,疏解了疫情期间青年对就业产生的恐慌感,提升了青年就业者的专业技能,保障了青年就业环境稳定。未来,各省应进一步挖掘需求,使政策更加精准地服务青年就业;加强各类政策工具的统筹组合,整合各类政府、社会资源,多功能向度、多时点保障青年就业;根据疫情防控的阶段变化不断完善并发挥政策的协同联动作用。

The policy system of youth employment is an important part of the national active employment policy.At present,the study of policy tools and their combined application of youth employment has important theoretical significance and practical value for increasing policy efficiency,avoiding policy blindness and one-sidedness,which can improve the national active employment policy.This paper studys the youth employment policy tools and their combined application in each province during the epidemic,and analyzes the characteristics and shortcomings of their policy tools,which can provide strategic reference and policy suggestions for improving the policy efficiency of youth employment in each province during the epidemic period and further promoting youth employment.An integrated analysis framework of policy objective-tool and NVivo11 Plus qualitative analysis software was used to conduct quantitative statistical analysis of 22 provincial-level youth employment policy texts before and after the epidemic.Four categories of policy tools were summarized including guidance and mobilization type,capacity improvement type,guarantee support type and supervision and evaluation type,which can be further refined as 14 policy tool items.On this basis,the structural characteristics and combined application of policy tools in different stages,provinces and policy objects were explored.It is found that the hub coordination effect of relevant functional departments in each province was more obvious role in the process of policy formulation and implementation,which played an active role in ensuring youth employment,guiding youth to establish a correct concept of employment,easing youth’s sense of panic about employment during the epidemic,improving the professional skills of youth employees and ensuring the stability of youth employment environment.In the future,all provinces should further tap demand to make policies more accurate and serve youth employment.It is suggested to enhance the overall combination of various policy tools,integrate various government and social resources,which can ensure youth employment in multi-functional dimensions and multi-time points.Meanwhile,we should constantly improve and give play to the synergistic linkage of policies according to the stage changes of epidemic prevention and control.