应对食品科技风险:理念、工具及进路

Response to Food Sci-tech Risks:Ideas,Tools and Approaches

发展食品科技之本意乃提升食品的质与量,但潜在的食品安全风险正逐渐抵消其积极影响。自甘风险原则能够有效分散无法被降低至零的风险,已逐渐渗透于实在法秩序中,似乎是破解这一困境的可能性尝试,但也面临着健康损害之不可量化性,风险决策者与承受者之非对称性等问题。为实现自甘风险原则作为规制食品科技风险工具的法治化,需要破除侵权法与行政法间的部门法壁垒,以积极的风险观进行体系化整合。一方面应强调国家在场,构建立足于风险评估与价值权衡的过滤机制;另一方面则通过保障公众参与权、知情权、选择权,将溢出风险分散至社会个体,以实现风险“内部化”。

The development of food sci-tech is intended to improve the quality and quantity of food,but potential food safety risks are gradually offsetting its positive effects.The assumption of risk,which can effectively disperse risks that cannot be reduced to zero,has gradually penetrated into the existing legal order and seems to be a possible attempt to solve this problem.However,it also faces such problems as the unquantifiability of health damage and the asymmetry of risk decision makers and bearers,etc.In order to realize the assumption of risk as the rule of law for food sci-tech risk tools,it is necessary to break down the sectoral legal barriers between tort law and administrative law,and systematically integrate them with a positive risk view.On the one hand,it should emphasize the presence of the state and build a filtering mechanism based on risk assessment and value balance.On the other hand,by guaranteeing the public's right to participate,the right to know,and the right to choose,spillover risks are dispersed to individuals to achieve“internalization”of risks.