HIV/AIDS患者自我管理状况及影响因素研究

A study on self-management status and influencing factors of HIVAIDS patients

目的探讨HIV/AIDS患者自我管理状况及相关影响因素。方法2018年4月—2019年3月,采用方便抽样法,选取于开封市某医院就诊的150名HIV/AIDS患者为研究对象,采用HIV/AIDS患者自我管理量表开展问卷调查。结果单因素分析结果显示:不同身体状态、文化程度、病程及接受抗病毒治疗情况、对疾病认知程度不同的研究对象其HIV/AIDS患者自我管理量表得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究对象在HIV/AIDS患者自我管理量表3个维度中得分最高的为自我管理的长期性维度[(2.23±0.67)分],其次为日常健康管理维度[(1.93±0.41)分],最后为自我管理的社会支持维度[(1.86±0.45)分]。线性回归结果显示:文化程度、病程及对疾病的认知程度是研究对象HIV/AIDS患者自我管理量表得分的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论文化程度、病程及对疾病的认知程度是影响HIV/AIDS患者自我管理能力的主要因素,应加强针对HIV/AIDS患者的健康教育,以提高患者自我管理能力,进而提升治疗效果,提高患者生存质量。

Objective To explore the self-management status of HIV/AIDS patients and related influencing factors.Methods A total of 150 patients with HIV/AIDS attending a hospital in Kaifeng from April 2018 to March 2019 were selected as study subjects using convenience sampling method,and a questionnaire survey was conducted using the HIV/AIDS self-management scale.Results The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences(P<0.05)in the scores of HIV/AIDS self-management scale among the study subjects with different physical status,education level,disease duration and antiviral treatment status,and disease awareness.The highest score among the three dimensions of the HIV/AIDS self-management scale was the dimension of long-term self-management(2.23±0.67),followed by the daily health management dimension(1.93±0.41),and finally the social support dimension of self-management(1.86±0.45).Linear regression results showed that education level,disease duration and knowledge of the disease were influential factors in the self-management scale scores of HIV/AIDS patients in this study(P<0.05).Conclusion Education level,disease duration and disease awareness are the main factors affecting the self-management ability of HIV/AIDS patients,and health education for HIV/AIDS patients should be strengthened to improve their self-management ability,which is conducive to improving the treatment effect and life quality.