宋代话本与文言小说的共生消长与文学史价值

The Symbiotic Growth and Decline of Vernacular and Classical Chinese Novelsin Song Dynasty and the Value of Literary History

宋代话本与文言小说既二水分流又局部交汇,既互相倚傍又彼此消长,是文学史上雅俗际会的共生典范。共生基础源于两者属于相异又相邻的叙事类型——士人叙事与市民叙事,源于两者在叙事话语、叙事行为、叙事旨趣、人物塑形、叙事伦理等方面的异质互补。共生语境则是唐宋之际社会变革、阶层变动、观念变迁、雅俗变化导致的市民文化与士人文化的双向互动。共生机制是两者之间叙事观念的双向渗透、叙事题材的双向改编、叙事技法的双向借鉴。共生形态是形成了世俗化传奇、准世俗化传奇、种本式文言小说、话本式传奇、传奇式话本等小说文体新样式。宋代话本与文言小说的共生,推动小说聚焦从“人物”到“故事”、“意蕴”到“趣味”,推动叙事观念从“淑世”到“资暇”、“慕史”到“幻化”,推动了由雅而俗、由文而白的重大转折,为近世叙事文学的繁荣奠定了观念基石和文体基础。

The vernacular and classical Chinese novels in the Song Dynasty not only diverge from each other,but also meet locally.They not only rely on each other,but also growth and decline with each other.They are the symbiotic model of the meeting between elegance and vulgarity in the history of literature.The basis of symbiosis stems from their different and adjacent narrative types-scholar narrative and citizen narrative.The symbiotic environment is the two-way interaction between citizen culture and scholar culture.Symbiosis mechanism is the two-way penetration of narrative concepts,the two-way adaptation of narrative themes and the two-way reference of narrative techniques.The Symbiotic form is the formation of some new styles of novel.The symbiotic context roughly experienced four stages:the independence period,the contact period,the interaction period and the growth and decline period.The symbiosis between vernacular and classical Chinese novels in the Song Dynasty promoted the focus of novels from“characters”to“stories”,“implication”to“interest”,promoted the narrative concept from“practical use”to“pastime”,“realistic”to“illusion”,promoted the major transition from elegance to vulgarity,and laid the conceptual cornerstone and stylistic foundation for the prosperity of early modern narrative literature.